TCE is metabolized through the CYP oxidation pathway or the glutathione conjugation pathway. Metabolites that are unstable are depicted in brackets whereas metabolites that can be found in urine are circled. With the exception of all unstable metabolites and DCVCS, all other metabolites are systemically available.61 Abbreviations: CYP, cytochrome P450; TCE-O, TCE-epoxide; TCE-O-CYP, CYP-bound TCE-epoxide; DCAC, dichloroacetyl chloride; CHL, chloral; CH, chloral hydrate; DCA, dichloroacetic acid; TCA, trichloroacetic acid; TCOH, trichloroethanol; TCOG, trichloroethanol glucuronide; MCA, monochloroacetic acid; DCVG, S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)glutathione; DCVC, S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine; DCVCS, DCVC sulfoxide; NAcDCVC, N-acetyl-S-(1,2-dichlorovinyl)-L-cysteine; NAcDCVCS, NAcDCVC sulfoxide; CTAC, chlorothionoacetyl chloride; CTK, chlorothioketene. This figure was modified from Lash et al.61