Table 2.
Results of literature review including cases with definite anti-NMDAR encephalitis for whom complete data concerning results of autoantibody testing in serum and CSF were available.
| Reference | Patients with Paired samples (n) | Age (median [range]) | M:F | NMDAR antibody testing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serum +: CSF + | Technique/Test Site | ||||
| Gresa-Arribas et al., 2014 7 | 250 | unknown | unknown | 232:250 | 2 / R |
| Wang et al., 2015 37 | 43 | 23 [9 – 39] | 19:24 | 27:43 | 1 / L |
| Salto et al., 2017 38 | 37 | unknown | unknown | 17:37 | 1 / L |
| Aungsumart et al., 2019 39 | 31 | 19 [IQR: 15 – 31] | 12:19 | 21:31 | 2 / L |
| Ding et al., 2018 40 | 24 | Mean: 40 (SD: 18) | 10:14 | 18:24 | 1 / L |
| Maat et al., 2013 16 | 12:15 | 25 [5 – 56] | 2:13 | 9:12 (0) | 1 / R |
| Mahadevan et al., 2016 41 | 11 | unknown | unknown | 11:11 | 1 / L |
| Suhs et al., 2015 17 | 5:7 | [23 – 57] | 0:7 | 4:5 (1) | 1 / L |
| Kataoka et al., 2017 42 | 3 | 29 [18 – 46] | 1:2 | 3:3 | 2 / R |
| Gastaldi et al., 2016 43 | 3:5 | unknown | unknown | 3:3 | 2 / R |
| Zandi et al., 2015 20 | 5:8 | unknown | unknown | 5:5 (3) | 2 / R |
| Alexopoulos et al., 2018 44 | 5:5 | 29 [9 mo, 58] | 0:3 | 3:3 | 1 / L |
| Barros et al., 2014 45 | 1 | 7 | 1:0 | 1:1 | 2 / R |
| Fauzi et al., 2017 46 | 1 | 21 | 0:1 | 1:1 | 1 / L |
| Zhou et al., 2018 47 | 1 | 54 | 1:0 | 1:1 | 1 / R |
| Orengo et al., 2015 48 | 1 | 29 | 0:1 | 0:1 | 1 / R |
| Guan et al., 2015 48 | 1 | 59 | 0:1 | 1:1 | 1 / L |
When relevant, the “n” for patients with paired samples indicates both the number of patients with paired CSF and serum samples (numerator), as a proportion of the total cases presented (denominator). The NMDAR autoantibody testing reports number of serum positive (numerator) compared to number of CSF positive (denominator) results. The number of patients who demonstrated positivity in serum but not CSF are included in parentheses (excluded from analyses). The median age and age range of patients presented in each study is listed unless otherwise stated. Time between CSF and serum testing, and severity of illness were not uniformly reported. No adverse events were reported secondary to blood draw or lumbar puncture. 1: Single modality testing; 2: Multimodal testing (≥2 modalities used); CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; L: Testing performed at local/regional test site; R: Testing performed at reference/research test site