Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample.
| Characteristic | N=220 |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Age, mean (SD) | 56.1 (6.1) |
| Race, n(%) | |
| White | 82 (37.2) |
| Black | 94 (42.7) |
| Hispanic/Other* | 42 (19.1) |
| Did not graduate high school, n (%) | 48 (21.8) |
| Incarceration-related factors | |
| Age at first incarceration, mean (SD) | 27.8 (14.6) |
| Violent offense, n (%) | 197 (89.6) |
| Repeat offender, n (%) | 154 (70.0) |
| Years in prison for current offense, mean (SD) † | 13.3 (9.5) |
| Single cell, no roommate, n (%) | 36 (16.4) |
| Clinical and behavioral factors | |
| Number of chronic conditions, mean (SD)§ | 2.1 (1.1) |
| Lifetime history of alcohol abuse, n (%) | 94 (42.7) |
| Illicit drug use at time of incarceration, n (%) | 124 (56.4) |
| Lifetime suicide attempt, n (%) | 62 (28.2) |
| Treatment | |
| Current mental health treatment, n (%)∥ | 58 (26.5) |
| Objective functional disability measures | |
| SPPB score, mean (SD) | 10.8 (1.8) |
| Gait speed in seconds, mean (SD) | 3.6 (1.0) |
| Chair stands time in seconds, mean (SD) | 10.4 (3.5) |
| Single leg stand time in seconds, mean (SD) | 19.9 (11.6) |
| Self-reported functional disability measures | |
| PADL disability, n (%) | 106 (48.2) |
| Difficulty climbing stairs, n (%) | 65 (29.6) |
*
There were 3 study participants who were missing data regarding race. There were 9 participants coded as Other, with Native American/American Indian (n=6), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (n=1), and Mixed race (n=2).
†
Range 0.42 years to 37.0 years.
‡
Range 0.02 years to 66.6 years.
§
Chronic conditions, assessed via medical chart review, included hypertension, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, diabetes mellitus, arthritis, hip fracture, chronic lung disease, cancer, HIV, and Hepatitis C.
∥
Current mental health treatment includes both medication and/or counseling and could not be determined for 1 participant.
SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery
PADL = Prison Activities of Daily Living