Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of overall and ultrasound cohort
| Overall cohort (n=439) (15-year follow-up) |
Ultrasound subcohort (n=212) (11-year follow-up) |
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| Spouses | Unaffected relatives | FCHL patients | Spouses | Unaffected relatives | FCHL patients | |
| Male/female, n | 51/59 | 98/147 | 44/40 | 29/30 | 62/49 | 26/16 |
| Age, years | 46±13 | 39±13* | 48±13 | 48±11 | 41±14* | 53±13 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.2±3.6 | 25.0±3.9 | 27.8±3.9† | 25.4±4.1 | 25.7±4.3 | 27.8±3.8† |
| Waist, cm | 90±11 | 88±12 | 98±11† | 91.1±13.0 | 90.5±11.7 | 98.9±8.7† |
| SAT-US, cm | – | – | – | 2.5±1.1 | 2.5±1.2 | 3.1±1.0† |
| VAT-US, cm | – | – | – | 7.6±2.4 | 7.4±2.4† | 9.0±2.1† |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 131±19 | 129±18 | 138±20† | 127±18 | 131±17† | 140±16† |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 83±11 | 83±11 | 88±10† | 83±11 | 84±10 | 89±9† |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 5.3±1.0 | 5.2±1.1 | 6.9±1.1† | 5.4±0.9 | 5.4±1.7 | 6.9±1.1† |
| HDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.1±0.2 | 1.0±0.2 | 0.9±0.2† | 1.1±0.3 | 1.0±0.3† | 0.9±0.2† |
| LDL cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.7±1.0 | 3.6±1.1 | 4.8±1.1† | 3.7±0.9 | 3.6±1.2 | 5.0±1.1† |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.0 (0.8–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 2.3 (1.8–2.8)† | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 1.1 (0.9–1.6)† | 2.0 (1.8–2.9)† |
| Apolipoprotein B, g/L | 1.0±0.2 | 1.0±0.2 | 1.5±0.3† | 1.0±0.3 | 1.0±0.3 | 1.4±0.2† |
| Lipid-modifying drug, n (%) | 3 (3) | 21 (9)† | 38 (45)† | 2 (3) | 17 (15)† | 19 (46)† |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 4.9±0.5 | 4.8±0.5 | 5.3±0.7† | 4.9±0.5 | 4.9±0.5 | 5.3±0.6† |
| HOMA2-IR | 0.5 (0.3–0.9) | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 1.0 (0.7–1.6)† | 0.7 (0.3–1.2) | 0.8 (0.3–1.2) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9)† |
| Alcohol intake, U/week | 4.0 (0.5–10.0) | 3.8 (0.5–10.0) | 5.0 (0.5–10.0) | 6.0 (0–12.0) | 8.0 (1.0–14.0) | 4.0 (0.4–14.0) |
| ALT, U/L | 17 (12–23) | 17 (12–23) | 25 (18–35)† | 17 (13–23) | 17 (13–24) | 22 (19–29)† |
| Fatty liver‡, n (%) | 24 (22) | 50 (21) | 51 (61)† | 10 (17) | 32 (29)† | 22 (52)† |
Data are presented as absolute numbers, mean±SD, or median (IQR).
*P<0.05 versus spouses, analysed with a Student’s T-test.
†P<0.05 versus spouses, analysed with linear regression with adjustment for age and sex.
‡Determined by the fatty liver index ≥60 (overall cohort) or ultrasound (ultrasound subcohort).
ALT, alanine aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; FCHL, familial combined hyperlipidemia; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA2-IR, homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; SAT-US, subcutaneous adipose tissue determined by ultrasound; VAT-US, visceral adipose tissue determined by ultrasound.