Table 1.
Baseline characteristics and laboratory results of the overall study collective
| Characteristic | Total (n = 199) | AD (n = 40) | ACLF (n = 159) | χ2/t/Z value | P value |
| Age (yr) | 48.0 ± 10.9 | 49.0 ± 12.1 | 47.7 ± 10.5 | 0.667 | 0.506 |
| Male (%) | 170 (85.4) | 34 (85.0) | 136 (85.5) | 0.007 | 0.932 |
| Cirrhosis (%) | 172 (86.4) | 35 (87.5) | 137 (86.2) | 0.049 | 0.825 |
| SIRS (%) | 90 (45.2) | 15 (37.5) | 75 (47.2) | 1.206 | 0.272 |
| Temperature (°C) | 37.1 (36.6, 38.0) | 37.4 (36.6, 38.2) | 37.1 (36.6, 38.0) | -0.500 | 0.617 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 87.8 ± 14.2 | 86.6 ± 14.4 | 88.1 ± 14.2 | -0.580 | 0.562 |
| Invasive catheterization (%) | 38 (19.1) | 5 (12.5) | 33 (20.8) | 1.410 | 0.235 |
| Multiple sites of BIs (%) | 36 (18.1) | 6 (15.0) | 30 (18.9) | 0.323 | 0.570 |
| HBV DNA (log10 IU/ml) | 4.1 (2.5, 6.0) | 3.4 (1.2, 5.7) | 4.4 (2.6, 6.2) | -1.259 | 0.208 |
| WBC (×109/L) | 8.7 (6.0, 13.6) | 8.0 (4.7, 11.3) | 8.9 (6.1, 14.0) | -1.477 | 0.140 |
| NEUT (×109/L) | 6.7 (4.1, 11.1) | 5.9 (3.6, 8.6) | 6.9 (4.2, 11.3) | -1.261 | 0.207 |
| HGB (g/L) | 107.8 ± 24.9 | 108.2 ± 25.0 | 107.7 ± 24.9 | 0.129 | 0.897 |
| PLT (×109/L) | 63.0 (42.0, 91.0) | 60.0 (47.0, 90.3) | 63.0 (41.0, 96.0) | -0.092 | 0.927 |
| ALB (g/L) | 27.0 (24.0, 31.0) | 26.5 (23.0, 31.5) | 28.0 (25.0, 31.0) | -1.088 | 0.277 |
| TBIL (μmol/L) | 330.6 ± 158.4 | 226.5 ± 142.9 | 356.7 ± 151.6 | -4.909 | < 0.001 |
| DBIL (μmol/L) | 227.8 ± 109.4 | 159.0 ± 100.6 | 245.2 ± 104.9 | -4.684 | < 0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 81.0 (38.0, 183.0) | 48.0 (29.3, 129.5) | 87.0 (42.0, 246.0) | -2.774 | 0.006 |
| AST (IU/L) | 119.0 (71.0, 221.0) | 73.5 (60.0, 175.3) | 126.0 (82.0, 234.0) | -2.549 | 0.011 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 141.0 (106.0, 188.0) | 133.0 (101.0, 181.5) | 143.0 (111.0, 192.0) | -1.184 | 0.236 |
| GGT (IU/L) | 50.0 (33.0, 77.0) | 46.0 (29.3, 70.8) | 54.0 (34.0, 78.0) | -1.193 | 0.233 |
| Cr (μmol/L) | 101.0 (80.0, 148.0) | 83.0 (72.0, 96.0) | 112.0 (84.0, 162.0) | -4.480 | < 0.001 |
| Na (mmol/L) | 133.0 (130.0, 136.0) | 134.0 (130.3, 136.0) | 133.0 (130.0, 136.0) | -0.916 | 0.360 |
| INR | 2.2 (1.7, 2.8) | 1.6 (1.4, 2.0) | 2.3 (1.9, 3.1) | -6.429 | < 0.001 |
| PTA (%) | 30.0 ± 13.1 | 42.2 ± 12.6 | 26.9 ± 11.4 | 7.455 | < 0.001 |
| CRP (mg/L) | 18.3 (11.1, 40.4) | 25.1 (13.0, 43.0) | 17.5 (10.4, 40.1) | -1.112 | 0.266 |
| PCT (ng/mL) | 1.2 (0.6, 2.3) | 1.1 (0.4, 2.1) | 1.2 (0.7, 2.4) | -1.182 | 0.237 |
| Ascites (%) | 192 (96.5) | 37 (92.5) | 155 (97.5) | 1.101 | 0.126 |
| AKI (%) | 95 (47.7) | 9 (22.5) | 86 (54.1) | 12.782 | < 0.001 |
| HE (%) | 106 (53.3) | 6 (15.0) | 100 (62.9) | 29.449 | < 0.001 |
| AVB (%) | 39 (19.6) | 5 (12.5) | 34 (21.4) | 1.601 | 0.206 |
| COSSH-ACLF scores | 6.5 (5.9, 7.5) | 5.4 (5.2, 5.9) | 6.8 (6.1, 7.9) | -7.851 | < 0.001 |
χ2/t/Z value and P value represent the comparison between the AD and ACLF groups. AD: Acute decompensation; ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; SIRS: Systemic inflammation response syndrome; MAP: Mean arterial pressure; BIs: Bacterial infections; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; WBC: White blood cells; NEUT: Neutrophil count; HGB: Hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; ALB: Albumin; TBIL: Total bilirubin; DBIL: Direct bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase; Cr: Creatinine; Na: Sodium; INR: International normalized ratio; PTA: Prothrombin activity; CRP: C-reactive protein; PCT: Procalcitonin; AKI: Acute kidney injury; HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; AVB: Acute variceal bleed; COSSH: Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B.