Table 4.
Bacterial identification and detection of multidrug-resistant organisms in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure
| Bacterial isolate | Total Bis (n = 61) | Pneumonia (n = 12) | SBP (n = 19) | BSI (n = 26) | Other Bis (n = 4) |
| Source of acquisition | |||||
| CA BIs (/total, %) | 10 (16.4) | 0 (0) | 4 (21.1) | 6 (23.1) | 0 (0) |
| HCA BIs (/total, %) | 27 (44.3) | 5 (41.7) | 8 (42.1) | 11 (42.3) | 3 (75.0) |
| Nosocomial BIs (/total, %) | 24 (39.3) | 7 (58.3) | 7 (36.8) | 9 (34.6) | 1 (25.0) |
| Gram-negative bacteria (/total, %) | 51 (83.6) | 12 (100.0) | 16 (84.2) | 20 (76.9) | 3 (75.0) |
| Escherichia coli (/total, %) | 27 (44.3) | 1 (8.3) | 14 (73.7) | 10 (38.5) | 2 (50.0) |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae (/total, %) | 14 (23.0) | 5 (41.7) | 2 (10.5) | 6 (23.1) | 1 (25.0) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa (/total, %) | 4 (6.6) | 4 (33.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Acinetobacter baumannii (/total, %) | 2 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0) |
| Other (/total, %) | 4 (6.6) | 2 (16.7) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0) |
| Gram-positive bacteria (/total, %) | 10 (16.4) | 0 (0) | 3 (15.8) | 6 (23.1) | 1 (25.0) |
| Enterococcus faecium (/total, %) | 5 (8.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (10.5) | 3 (11.5) | 0 (0) |
| Staphylococcus aureus (/total, %) | 2 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0) |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis (/total, %) | 2 (3.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (25.0) |
| Other (%) (/total, %) | 1 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| MDROs (/total, %) | 18 (29.5) | 3 (25.0) | 5 (26.3) | 8 (30.8) | 2 (50.0) |
| Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms (/Gram-negative bacteria, %) | 10 (19.6) | 3 (25.0) | 3 (18.8) | 3 (15.0) | 1 (33.3) |
| Multidrug-resistant Gram-positive organisms (/Gram-positive bacteria, %) | 8 (80.0) | 0 (0) | 2 (66.7) | 5 (83.3) | 1 (100.0) |
BIs: Bacterial infections; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; BSI: Bloodstream infection; CA: Community-acquired; HCA: Healthcare-associated; MDROs: Multidrug-resistant organisms.