Figure 6.

Citral induced apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. (a) Nuclear staining of prostate cancer cells with or without citral treatment using Hoechst dye. (b) Prostate cancer cells with or without treatment were stained with PI staining. The cells that remained intact does not allow cells to stain with the dye. However, the damage cells were stained with PI and indicated the apoptotic cells. (c) Flow cytometry analysis of cancer cells with or without treatment. Descriptive figures show the population of live cells (annexin V- PI-), early apoptotic (annexin V + PI-), late apoptotic cells (annexin V + PI+), and necrotic cells (annexin V-PI+). (d) DNA fragmentation analysis was carried out after the isolation of genomic DNA from prostate cancer cells with or without different concentrations of citral treatment. (e) The gene expression analysis of Bcl-2 and BAX was carried out in cells with or without citral treatment. Housekeeping gene β-actin was used as an internal control. (f) The Western blotting analysis performed using antibodies indicated in Section 2. Each bar represents the mean ± standard error of triplicate samples from three independent experiments (p=0.05, using Student's t-test).