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. 2020 Mar 25;12:2231–2253. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S242479

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© 2020 Pourrajab et al.

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A schematic representation of the collaboration between at least three classes of gene alterations (class I, II, III), that happen in a hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) and are associated with the appearance of AML. Class I alterations enhance proliferative signaling pathways and confer survival advantages. Class II alterations impair the processes of cell differentiation and apoptosis. Class 0/III, however, can also be an early event before class I, promotes epigenetic modifications which finally confer malignant transformation to the HPCs and lead to overt leukemia. Data from references 2, 6, 12, 13, 16, and 17.