Figure 3.
(A) Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of basic-NMP-exfoliated phosphorene.81 (B–E) Characterization of phosphorene obtained by centrifugation of phosphorene dispersion at different speeds.81 Height-mode AFM images and TEM images: (B, D) centrifugation at 12,000 rpm, (C, E) centrifugation at 18,000 rpm. (F) Illustration of the metal-assisted exfoliation progress for few-layered BP.88 Reproduced with permission from Guo ZN, Zhang H, Lu SB, et al. From Black Phosphorus to Phosphorene: Basic Solvent Exfoliation, Evolution of Raman Scattering, and Applications to Ultrafast Photonics. Adv Funct Mater. 2015;25(45):6996–7002. Copyright 2017, Wiley-VCH.81 Reproduced with permission from Guan L, Xing BR, Niu XY, et al. Metal-assisted exfoliation of few-layer black phosphorus with high yield. Chem Commun. 2018;54(6):595–598. Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry.88
Abbreviation: NMP, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.