Table 1.
Viruses that may be foodborne transmitted.
| Primary tissue tropism | Common name | Particle/genome | Genus | Family | Associated disease(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Enterotropic | Human norovirus | Nonenveloped/ssRNA | Norovirus | Caliciviridae | Gastroenteritis |
| Human sapovirus | Nonenveloped/ssRNA | Sapovirus | Caliciviridae | Gastroenteritis | |
| Aichi virus | Nonenveloped/ssRNA | Kobuvirus | Picornaviridae | Gastroenteritis | |
| Human astrovirus | Nonenveloped/ssRNA | Mamastrovirus | Astroviridae | Gastroenteritis | |
| Human rotavirus | Nonenveloped/segmented dsRNA | Rotavirus | Reoviridae | Gastroenteritis | |
| Human reovirus | Nonenveloped/segmented dsRNA | Orthoreovirus | Reoviridae | Unknown | |
| Human enteric adenovirus | Nonenveloped/dsDNA | Mastadenovirus | Adenoviridae | Gastroenteritis, fever, respiratory disease | |
| Human parvovirus | Nonenveloped/ssDNA | Parvovirus | Parvoviridae | Gastroenteritis | |
| Human picorbirnavirus | Nonenveloped/segmented dsRNA | Picobirnavirus | Picobirnaviridae | Gastroenteritis? | |
| Hepatotropic | Hepatitis A virus | Nonenveloped/ssRNA | Hepatovirus | Picornaviridae | Hepatitis |
| Hepatitis E virus | Nonenveloped/ssRNA | Orthohepevirus | Hepeviridae | Hepatitis | |
| Neurotropic | Poliovirus | Nonenveloped/ssRNA | Enterovirus | Picornaviridae | Flaccid paralysis, meningitis, fever |
| Non-polio enteroviruses (incl. Coxsackie A and B virus, Echovirus, and Enterovirus D68 and 71) | Nonenveloped/ssRNA | Enterovirus | Picornaviridae | Meningitis, herpangina, flaccid paralysis, cranial nerve dysfunction, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, myocarditis, heart anomalies, respiratory illness, rush, pleurodynia | |
| Human parechovirus | Nonenveloped/ssRNA | Parechovirus | Picornaviridae | Meningitis, respiratory disease, gastroenteritis | |
| Nipah virus | Enveloped/ssRNA | Henipavirus | Paramyxoviridae | Encephalitis, respiratory disease | |
| Polyoma virus (JC, BK) | Nonenveloped/circular dsDNA | Polyomavirus | Polyomaviridae | Persistent infections, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, urinary track diseases | |
| Tick-borne encephalitis virus | Nonenveloped/ssRNA | Flavivirus | Flaviviridae | Encephalitis, meningitis | |
| Pneumotropic | Human coronavirus (incl. SARS and MERS CoV) | Enveloped/ssRNA | Betacoronavirus | Coronaviridae | Respiratory disease, SARS, MERS, gastroenteritis |
| Avian influenza virus | Enveloped/segmented ssRNA | Influenzavirus A | Orthomyxoviridae | Influenza, respiratory disease | |
| Multitropic | Ebola virus | Enveloped/ssRNA | Ebolavirus | Filoviridae | Gastroenteritis, hemorrhagic fever |