Comparison 2. Secondary outcomes: maternal: FPO + CTG versus CTG only.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Caesarean section for nonreassuring fetal status	6		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 Gestation from 34 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	4	4008	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.46, 0.90]
1.2 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS prior to study entry	1	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.03 [0.00, 0.44]
1.3 Gestation from 28 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	1	327	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.89 [0.64, 1.24]
1.4 Gestation from 36 weeks, nonreassuring fetal status not required prior to study entry	1	5341	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.75, 1.09]
2 Caesarean section for dystocia	6		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
2.1 Gestation from 34 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	4	4008	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.38 [0.91, 2.09]
2.2 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS prior to study entry	1	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.4 [0.47, 4.21]
2.3 Gestation from 28 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	1	327	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.98 [0.66, 1.46]
2.4 Gestation from 36 weeks, nonreassuring fetal status not required prior to study entry	1	5341	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.97 [0.87, 1.08]
3 Operative birth (caesarean section, forceps, vacuum extraction) for all indications	5		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
3.1 Gestation from 34 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	3	1840	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.03 [0.92, 1.15]
3.2 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS prior to study entry	1	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.51 [0.36, 0.73]
3.3 Gestation from 36 weeks, nonreassuring fetal status not required prior to study entry	1	5341	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.96 [0.90, 1.03]
4 Operative birth (caesarean section, forceps, vacuum) for nonreassuring fetal status	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
4.1 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	2	1610	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.62, 0.89]
4.2 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS prior to study entry	1	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.05 [0.01, 0.22]
5 Use of intrapartum antibiotics	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.1 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	1	600	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.09 [0.87, 1.35]
5.2 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS required prior to study entry	1	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.52 [0.30, 0.88]
6 Overall antibiotic use	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
6.1 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS prior to study entry	1	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.52 [0.30, 0.88]
7 Intrapartum haemorrhage	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
7.1 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	2	1610	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.50 [0.52, 4.34]
7.2 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS prior to study entry	1	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.0 [0.06, 15.69]
8 Postpartum haemorrhage	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
8.1 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	2	1789	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.52 [0.53, 4.39]
8.2 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS prior to study entry	1	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
9 Chorioamnionitis	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
9.1 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS prior to study entry	1	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.67 [0.11, 3.87]
9.2 Gestation from 36 weeks, nonreassuring fetal status not required prior to study entry	1	5341	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.86, 1.17]
10 Endometritis	4	7276	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.00 [0.79, 1.26]
10.1 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	2	1789	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.14 [0.61, 2.12]
10.2 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS prior to study entry	1	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
10.3 Gestation from 36 weeks, nonreassuring fetal status not required prior to study entry	1	5341	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.98 [0.76, 1.26]
11 Uterine rupture	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
11.1 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	2	1789	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.87 [0.12, 6.13]
11.2 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS prior to study entry	1	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
12 Length of hospital stay (days)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
12.1 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	1	600	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.06 [‐0.36, 0.24]
12.2 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS prior to study entry	1	146	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [‐0.65, 0.65]
13 Satisfaction with labour	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
13.1 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	1	448	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.20 [‐0.16, 0.56]
14 Satisfaction with fetal monitoring in labour	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
14.1 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	1	448	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.40 [‐0.05, 0.85]
15 Death	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
15.1 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS not required prior to study entry	2	1789	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
15.2 Gestation from 36 weeks, FBS prior to study entry	1	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]