Table 1. Autophagy mouse models and known phenotypes.

Gene	Yeast homologue	Model	Phenotype/findings	Reference
Atg3	Atg3	Atg3−/−	Neonatal lethality	[62]
Atg5	Atg5	Atg5−/−	Neonatal lethality	[46]
Atg5	Atg5	Neural specific Atg5−/−	Progressive deficits in motor neurons; accumulation of intraneuronal inclusion bodies	[45,63,64]
Atg5	Atg5	Atg5 deletion in POMC neurons	No reported phenotype	[65]
Atg7	Atg7	Atg7−/−	Neonatal lethality	[49]
Atg7	Atg7	Atg7 flox/flox	Liver tumours; neurodegeneration	[63,64,66]
Atg9a	Atg9	Atg9a−/−	Neonatal lethality	[65]
Atg12	Atg12	Atg12-/-	Neonatal lethality	[67]
Atg12	Atg12	Atg12 deletion in POMC neurons	Diet-induced obesity	[67]
Atg13	Atg13	Atg13−/−	Embryonic lethality	[68]
Atg16L1	Atg16	Atg16L1 mutant mouse	Neonatal lethality	[44]
Becn1	Atg6/Vps30	Beclin1−/−	Neonatal lethality	[69–72]
Gabarap	Atg8	Gabarap KO mouse	No reported phenotype	[73]
Lc3	Atg8	Lc3−/−	Normal development	[74]
Pik3c3/Vps34	Vps34	Pik3c3/Vps34 specific deletion in sensory neuron	Rapid neurodegeneration	[75]
Pik3c3/Vps34	Vps34	Pik3c3/Vps34−/−	Embryonic lethality	[76]
Ulk1	Atg1	Ulk1−/−	Delayed mitochondrial clearance in reticulocytes	[77]
Ulk2	Atg1	Ulk2−/−	No pheynotype	[78]
Ulk1/2	Atg1	Ulk1/2−/−	Neonatal lethality	[78]
Ulk1/2	Atg1	Ulk1/2-cDKO	Early embryonic and perinatal lethality/abnormal axon guidance	[20]
FIP200/Rb1cc1	Atg17	FIP200 f/f mouse	Cerebellar degeneration	[57]
Wipi4	Atg18	Wdr45flox/Y	Poor motor coordination	[79]
		Specific deletion in CNS	Impaired learning and memory; extensive axon swelling with numerous axonal spheroids