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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 18.
Published in final edited form as: ACS Chem Neurosci. 2020 Mar 3;11(6):960–968. doi: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00008

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

α-PHP is an antagonist/inverse agonist of M1R-inositol phosphate signaling with low micromolar potency. (A) Oxotremorine dose-dependently stimulated inositol phosphate 1 (IP1) production. (B) α-PHP blocked effects of oxotremorine (EC80 concentration) at M1Rs and, moreover, decreased IP1 production below basal levels, suggesting inverse agonist activity. Data are expressed as normalized means (±SEM) of three, independent determinations, with oxotremorine tested at each concentration in duplicate and α-PHP tested at each concentration in triplicate.