Fig. 5.

Differentiation of ILC progenitors is affected by LN microenvironment. a PBMCs from HC were cultured for 24 h with plasma from either HC (n = 9) or patients with active LN (n = 12). b Percentages of CD117⁺, CRTH2⁺, and CD117⁻ CRTH2⁻ ILCs in total ILCs were compared under both conditions. c, d Annexin V was stained to compare the apoptosis of ILCs in either conditions (n = 8 for HC; n = 10 for LN). e FACS-sorted CD117⁺ ILCs were cultured for 8 days in plasma from HC (n = 7) or patients with active LN (n = 11). f Percentages of CD117⁺, CRTH2⁺, and CD117⁻ CRTH2⁻ ILCs in CD45⁺ immune cells and total ILCs were compared between two culture systems. g The effect of blocking of IL-1 receptor was compared in HC (n = 9) and LN (n = 12) plasma-cultured condition as in Fig. 5a. h Serum IL-1β level was quantified for HC and LN, presented in optical density at 450 nm (OD_450nm) and concentration (pg/mL). *P < 0.05 (Student’s t test)