Conrad 2013.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial
Participants	Subfertile men between 18 and 55 years of age with a pathological spermiogram were included. 56 men were randomised
Interventions	The intervention group wrote on 3 days for 20 minutes about highly emotional topics. The control group wrote about neutral topics (attentional control)
Outcomes	Distress (measured by Infertility Distress Scale), infertility‐related thoughts of helplessness, sexual satisfaction (measured by Temperament and Character Inventory). Measured at 3 months
Notes	Only abstract is available. Results expressed as "d" ‐ presumably Cohen's d, whereby 0.2 = small effect, 0.5 = medium effect, 0.8 = large effect
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	States "Patients were randomly allocated to two treatment conditions". Methods not further described
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	States "Patients were randomly allocated to two treatment conditions". Methods not further described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) Subjective outcomes	Unclear risk	No mention of blinding. Control group had a placebo intervention
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) Objective outcomes	Unclear risk	Not applicable
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Subjective outcomes	Unclear risk	No mention of blinding. Control group had a placebo intervention
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Objective outcomes	Unclear risk	Not applicable
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not stated whether there were any dropouts
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear without access to the protocol
Other bias	Unclear risk	Very few details about methods, as only abstract is available. No data suitable for analysis