Murphy 2014.
Methods | Randomised controlled trial | |
Participants | Subfertile women aged 21 to 44, all under the care of Abington Reproductive Medicine and Genetics and requiring in vitro fertilisation–embryo transfer. Women were excluded if they were already enrolled in other in vitro fertilisation–embryo transfer clinical trials or undergoing pre‐implantation genetic diagnosis. 202 women were randomised into the intervention group (n = 101) and the control group (n = 101). Mean (SD) age was 33.6 (4.7) years in the intervention group and 34.1 (4.3) years in the control group |
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Interventions | The intervention group received harp music therapy during embryo transfer for 20 minutes, face to face, delivered by a certified music practitioner. The control group received usual treatment |
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Outcomes | Anxiety (measured by STAI) and clinical pregnancy rate | |
Notes | ||
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Women were randomised per a random numbers table to the harp therapy group or the standard treatment group |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not reported |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) Subjective outcomes | High risk | Participants and personnel not blinded |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) Objective outcomes | Low risk | Participants and personnel not blinded |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Subjective outcomes | Unclear risk | Not reported |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Objective outcomes | Unclear risk | Not reported |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | < 10% withdrawals and exclusions, women were excluded postintervention from the analysis, reasons given. No intention‐to‐treat analysis |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | Unclear without access to the protocol |
Other bias | Low risk | No other obvious sources of bias. A validated questionnaire was used for the primary outcomes |