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Source: Aronsson & Ulén (2013) based on Aronsson & Torstensson (2004) and Hoffmann (1999).
| Soil tillage | Factor |
|---|---|
| In early autumn (August–September) | 1.0 |
| Late autumn (October–December) | 0.8 |
| No plowing in the autumn | 0.7 |
