Table 2 .
Patient cohort.
| Patient | Age (Years) | Sex | Pathology | Location | Treatment | Time to LD (months) | LD Biopsy Confirmation | LD Location | Growth Pattern | LD Treatment | Outcome (Years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 34 | F | Ependymoma | Thoracic spine | STR; XRT | 24.5 | B | Cranial and spinal | N/A | STR; XRT; TMZ | 9.4 |
| 2 | 39 | F | Ependymoma | Temporal lobe/posterior fossa | STR; XRT; RS | 28 | Ba, Cb | Cranial | Mixed | STR; RS | 0.5c |
| 3 | 42 | F | Choroid plexus papilloma | Posterior fossa | GTR | 68.5 | – | Cranial and spinal | Cranial: mixed; spinal: nodular | None | 0.2c |
| 4 | 37 | F | Ependymoma | Posterior fossa | GTR; XRT | 59.5 | Ba | Spinal | N/A | STR; XRT; RS; TMZ; CTX | 15.3 |
| 5 | 49 | F | Ganglioneurocytoma | Posterior fossa | BX; XRT | 77 | – | Cranial | Cranial: nodular | RS | 2.1c |
| 6 | 56 | F | Ependymoma | Posterior fossa | GTR; VP shunt | 1.5 | – | Cranial and spinal | Cranial: mixed; spinal: nodular | XRT | 0.3c |
| 7 | 13 | M | Gangliocytoma | Thoracic spine | GTR | 51 | B | Cranial and spinal | Cranial: linear; spinal: linear | VP shunt | 8.3 |
| 8 | 17 | M | Pilomyxoid astrocytoma | R thalamus | STR; XRT; TMZ | 4 | C | Cranial and spinal | Cranial: linear; spinal: linear | VP shunt | 0.2c |
| 9 | 8 | M | Pilocytic astrocytoma | R frontal lobe | STR; VP shunt | 10 | Ba | Cranial | N/A | STR; TMZ; CTX | 15.7c |
| 10 | 42 | M | MPE | Lumbosacral spine | – | 0 | B | Cranial and spinal | Cranial: linear; spinal: mixed | STR; XRT | 8.5c |
| 11 | 54 | F | Ganglioglioma | Cervical spine | GTR | 100 | B | Cranial | Mixed | TMZ; VP shunt | 3.8 |
Abbreviations: B, tissue confirmation of LD prior to LD-treatment initiation; Ba, tissue confirmation of LD after LD-treatment initiation; BX, biopsy; C, cytopathology confirmation of LD based on cerebrospinal fluid prior to LD-treatment initiation; Cb, cytopathology confirmation of LD based on cerebrospinal fluid after LD-treatment initiation; CTX, chemotherapy other than temozolomide (etoposide, vincristine, carboplatin, PCV [procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine]); F, female; GTR, gross-total resection; LD, leptomeningeal dissemination; M, male; MPE, myxopapillary ependymoma; N/A, not available; R, right; RS, radiosurgery; STR, subtotal resection; TMZ, temozolomide; VP, ventriculoperitoneal; XRT, radiotherapy.
cDeath.
Demographic data of patients with low-grade neuroepithelial CNS tumors; histopathological characteristics; treatment prior to LD; time interval to LD in months; LD location, growth pattern, and treatment; as well as outcome data included in the present study.