Fig. 5.

Nanovesicles inhibited the TNF-α-induced oxidative stress. HCAECs were pretreated with NV or FT/NV for 2 h, and the cells were stimulated with TNF-α (10 ng/mL) for 6 h. A Intracellular ROS levels were detected by flow cytometry after DCFH-DA staining. B Phosphorylation of p38 and JNK was detected by Western blot analysis. Data are mean ± SD from 3 independent experiments. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001