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. 2020 Mar 24;8:188. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00188

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Copyright © 2020 Kholia, Herrera Sanchez, Cedrino, Papadimitriou, Tapparo, Deregibus, Bruno, Antico, Brizzi, Quesenberry and Camussi.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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MSC-EVs downregulate pro-fibrotic genes in kidney cortical fibroblasts in an in vitro model of AAN. (A) An illustration depicting the AAN in vitro assay whereby: mTECs treated with or without AA for 4 hrs were co-cultured with mouse fibroblasts (mkCF) in the presence or absence of MSC-EVs (75,000 EVs/cell) for 5 days at 37°C. (B) Gene expression analyses revealed an upregulation of the profibrotic markers: α-Sma, Tgfb1, and Col1a1 in mkCFs co-cultured with AA treated mTECs. The expression levels of all three pro-fibrotic genes were reduced significantly following treatment with MSC-EVs. The data represents the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments performed in quadruplicate. **p < 0.01 vs. AA, ***p < 0.001 vs. AA. A one way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multi comparison test was performed.