FIGURE 10.

Intracellular trafficking of bacterial toxins delivered via OMVs. In this example toxins contained in OMVs of E. coli O157 are endocytosed into an endosome (1) where the cargo toxins separate into individual subunits (2) which escape the endosome and migrate to the Golgi (3) and endoplasmic reticulum (4). These compounds eventually make their way to their cellular targets of DNA (5) or the ribosome (6). Additional cytotoxic components within the OMV enter the late endosome (7) and eventually escape to interact with the mitochondria (8,9) while remaining OMV-associated components are degraded in the lysosome (10). Reproduced with permission from Bielaszewska et al. (2017).