FIGURE 4.

Outer membrane vesicle-mediated protection from environmental stresses. H. pylori and other bacterial species often load enzymes capable of degrading reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and other environmental compounds. Lekmeechai et al. (2018) showed that OMVs of wild-type H. pylori (which contain the catalase KatA) could protect H. pylori mutants lacking KatA from the bactericidal effects of H₂O₂, while OMVs from katA mutants or heat-inactivated OMVs could not. Data is shown as mean ± SD count of colony forming units (CFU); n = 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Reproduced with permission from Lekmeechai et al. (2018).