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A FRET-based assay to monitor OMV entry. Target mammalian cells are loaded with a FRET-based reporter (indicated by the green color) that can be cleaved by an enzyme loaded within the OMV (Bla). Enzyme is released into the cytoplasm as OMVs fuse to the membrane of target cells, cleaving a ligand within the FRET reporter and leading to a shift in the emission wavelength (indicated by the blue color). Reproduced with permission from O’Donoghue et al. (2017).
