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. 2020 Mar 24;8:237. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00237

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Copyright © 2020 Sun, Zhang, Zhang, Wang, Pan, Liu, Li, Chen, Chang and Zhang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The preparation and characterization of MSN-ICG. (A) The preparation process of MSN-ICG. (B) TEM images of MSN before and after ICG loading. (C,D) Live/dead staining and cell apoptosis analysis of 4T1 cells treated with control, ICG or MSN-ICG with or without 808 nm laser irradiation under normoxic or hypoxic condition. (E) Measurements of hypoxia and ROS for 4T1 cells treated with control, ICG or MSN-ICG with 808 nm laser irradiation under normoxia. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 compared with control group by Student’s t-test. MSN-ICG, indocyanine green-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles.