FIGURE 9.

qRT-PCR analysis of midgut serine proteases of H. armigera larvae fed on PnBBI. Changes in transcript abundance of (A) midgut trypsin-like (HaTry 1, 4, 6, 7, and 8) and (B) chymotrypsin-like (HaChy 1, 2, and 4) proteases from midgut tissue of H. armigera larvae after rearing on artificial diet containing different concentration of PnBBIs (0, 0.001, 0.0025, and 0.005%) for 3, 6, and 9 days. The fold difference in transcript abundance of these candidate genes was calculated using Livak (2^{– ΔΔCT}) method and final values are expressed in log (base2) fold changes. Further details were as described in the methods section “RNA Isolation and Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR).” The data shown is mean ± SD of triplicates. The transcript abundance of trypsin and chymotrypsin-like genes for the larvae fed on PnBBI incorporated diet was compared with control diet-fed larvae in which lower case letters “a and b” assigned for transcripts which showed > 1 and 2-fold difference in their abundance, respectively.