Table 1.

Influences of APS on cytokines.

Cytokine	Influence	Model	Reference
IL1β	Upregulation	In vivo	(Wang et al., 1989)
	Downregulation	In vivo	(Deng et al., 2012; Qiu and Cheng, 2019)
		In vitro	(Yuan et al., 2008; Yin et al., 2012)
IL2	Upregulation	In vivo	(Shao et al., 2004; Wang et al., 2013; Xie et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2014; Lv et al., 2017)
		In vitro	(Liu et al., 2011)
IL3	Upregulation	In vitro	(Liu et al., 2011)
IL4	Upregulation	In vitro	(Liu et al., 2011)
IL6	Upregulation	In vivo	(Lv et al., 2017)
		In vitro	(Liu et al., 2011; Li S. et al., 2019)
	Downregulation	In vivo	(Deng et al., 2012)
IL8	Downregulation	In vitro	(Yin et al., 2012)
IL10	Upregulation	In vivo	(Shao et al., 2004; Xie et al., 2013)
	Downregulation	In vivo	(Wang et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2017)
IL11	Upregulation	In vivo	(Bamodu et al., 2019)
IL12	Upregulation	In vivo	(Wang et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2014)
	Downregulation	In vivo	(Li et al., 2018)
IFNγ	Upregulation	In vivo	(Liu et al., 2017; Bamodu et al., 2019)
	Downregulation	In vivo	(Li et al., 2018)
TGF-β	Upregulation	In vivo	(Liu et al., 2017)
TNF-α	Upregulation	In vivo	(Wang et al., 1989; Wang et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2014; Liu et al., 2017; Lv et al., 2017; Bamodu et al., 2019)
		In vitro	(Li et al., 2019)
	Downregulation	In vivo	(Deng et al., 2012; Qiu and Cheng, 2019)
		In vitro	(Yuan et al., 2008; Yin et al., 2012)