Table 1. Applications of micro- and nanotechnology in nucleic acid analysis.

Application	Technology
Sequencing	Nanopores
Labels and detection reactions	Nanoparticles, nanotubes
Multiplexing	Micro- and nanoarrays, nanocapacitors, nanocantilevers, micro- and nanorods, quantum dots, nanotube-modified atomic-force microscopy scanning
Nonamplification	Nanotube and nanoparticle labels, nanotube-modified electrodes, molecular inversion probe assay
Integrated analysis	Microchip analyzers, bioelectronic chips