FIGURE 1.

RNAi phenotypes of M. incognita J2s after soaking in buffered solution containing dsRNA (1 mg mL^–1) of 22 nematode genes. (A–E) Control RNAi treatments with J2s soaked with 1 mg mL^–1 FITC (A) or soaked without dsRNA (B) or with dsRNAs of the gfp gene (C), or of the nematode genes rol-6 (D), and pat-10 (E). (F–Y) J2s treated with dsRNA of 20 genes of the RNAi pathway. Images are denoted by the dsRNA (ds) of the target gene, percentage of nematodes affected after RNAi, and the RNAi phenotypes denoted as n = normal, s = straight, p = paralyzed, c = curvy, w = wavy, j = captured during a jerky action, v = captured during vigorous movement. No percentage is indicated where over 60% of the nematodes exhibited one or more of the phenotypes indicated. Scale bar: 200 μm (FITC) and 500 μm. Phenotypic observations and estimates of percentages of nematodes exhibiting any phenotype were based on three biological replicates.