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. 2015 Aug 5;45(8):231–243. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2015.06.005

TABLE 4.

Common laboratory diagnostics and therapy7, 8, 9, 12, 14, 16, 24, 25, 26

Infection Supporting laboratory findings Diagnosticsa Therapy
Malaria Anemia, thrombocytopenia, ↑LFTs Thick and thin blood smears, RDT, PCR IV/PO antimalarials
Dengue Lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, ↑ H/H, ↑LFTs, ↑ PT/PTT RDT, serology, PCR Supportive
Typhoid fever Lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia Culture IV/PO antibiotics
Chikungunya Lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia50 Serology, PCR Supportive
Acute HIV Lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia Serology (ELISA+WB), PCR Antiretrovirals
Helminths Eosinophilia Stool O&P, blood smear, serology, PCR Antihelmintics
Viral hepatitis ↑↑ LFTs Serology Supportive, antivirals
Ebola Thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia, ↑LFTs, ↑ PT/PTT Serology, PCR, viral culture: special handling and lab support required Isolation, supportive
Rickettsiae Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, azotemia, hyponatremia Serology, PCR, complement fixation Antibiotics
Yellow fever ↑ LFTs, ↑ PT/PTT, leukopenia, azotemia, acidosis Serology, PCR Supportive
Influenza Mild leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, ↑A-a gradient RDT, PCR, culture Symptomatic, antivirals
a

RDT = rapid diagnostic test, PCR = polymerase chain reaction, WB = western blot.