Table 1.
Variables | Values (Normal Range) |
---|---|
Demographics | |
Age, y, mean (±SD) | 85.6 (±9.2) |
Male sex, n (%) | 50 (46.3) |
Mini-Mental State Examination score, mean (±SD) | 15.8 (±6.2) |
Barthel index, median (IQR) | 4 (2–10) |
Body mass index, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 20.8 (18.1–24.6) |
Nasogastric tube feeding, n (%) | 20 (18.5) |
Charlson comorbidity index, median (IQR) | 3 (1–4) |
Hospitalization within past 4 weeks, n (%) | 29 (26.9) |
Flu vaccination within past 6 months, n (%) | 57 (52.8) |
Flu vaccination within past 6–12 months, n (%) | 41 (38.0) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |
Cerebrovascular accident | 52 (48.1) |
Dementia | 59 (54.6) |
Diabetes | 26 (24.1) |
Ischemic heart disease | 17 (15.7) |
Congestive heart failure | 18 (16.7) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases | 21 (19.4) |
Chronic kidney diseases | 18 (16.7) |
Chronic liver diseases | 3 (2.8) |
Active malignancy | 6 (5.6) |
Respiratory symptom, n (%) | |
Fever | 98 (90.7) |
Shortness of breath | 81 (75.0) |
Cough∗ | 99 (91.7) |
Mucoid sputum | 45 (41.7) |
Purulent sputum | 47 (43.5) |
Hemoptysis | 3 (2.8) |
Respiratory signs, n (%) | |
Rhonchi | 21 (19.4) |
Bronchial breath sounds | 8 (7.4) |
Crepitations | 84 (77.8) |
Chest radiographs, n (%) | |
Ill-defined shadows | 69 (63.9) |
Consolidation | 39 (36.1) |
Pleural effusion | 11 (10.2) |
Blood tests | |
Sodium, mmol/L | 134 (129–137) |
Urea, mmol/L | 7.5 (5.6–10.1) |
Creatinine, μmol/L | 97 (72–126) |
Albumin, g/L | 32 .3 (±4.8) |
White cell counts, ×109/L | 12.1 (8.6–15.7) |
CURB score, n (%) | |
0–1 | 40 (37.0) |
2–4 | 68 (63.0) |
CURB, confusion, blood urea level, respiratory rate, and low blood pressure; IQR, interquartile range.
Eighteen (16.7%) patients had cough longer than 2 weeks.