Table 4.
Comparison of Nursing Home–Acquired Pneumonia With and Without Pathogen Identified
| Characteristics | With Pathogen (n = 74) | Without Pathogen (n = 34) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y | 86.6 (±9.2) | 83.3 (±9.0) | .084 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 31 (41.9) | 19 (55.9) | .176 |
| MMSE | 15.7 (±6.4) | 15.8 (±6.0) | .996 |
| CCI | 3 (1–4) | 3 (2–4) | .361 |
| BI | 4 (2–10) | 4 (2–11) | .644 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| CVA | 34 (45.9) | 18 (52.9) | .499 |
| Dementia | 40 (54.1) | 19 (55.9) | .859 |
| Diabetes | 15 (20.3) | 11 (32.4) | .173 |
| IHD | 9 (12.2) | 8 (23.5) | .132 |
| CHF | 14 (18.9) | 4 (11.8) | .354 |
| COPD | 14 (18.9) | 7 (20.6) | .839 |
| CKD | 12 (16.2) | 6 (17.6) | .853 |
| CLD | 2 (2.7) | 1 (2.9) | .944 |
| Active malignancy | 4 (5.4) | 2 (5.9) | .920 |
| Respiratory symptoms, n (%) | |||
| Fever | 68 (91.9) | 30 (88.2) | .722 |
| Shortness of breath | 54 (73.0) | 27 (79.4) | .473 |
| Cough | 67 (90.5) | 32 (94.1) | .717 |
| Mucoid sputum | 31 (41.9) | 14 (41.2) | .944 |
| Purulent sputum | 39 (52.7) | 8 (23.5) | .005 |
| Hemoptysis | 2 (2.7) | 1 (2.9) | .944 |
| Respiratory signs, n (%) | |||
| Rhonchi | 14 (18.9) | 7 (20.6) | .839 |
| Bronchial breath sounds | 7 (9.5) | 1 (2.9) | .431 |
| Crepitations | 63 (85.1) | 21 (61.8) | .007 |
| Chest radiographs, n (%) | |||
| Ill-defined shadows | 46 (62.6) | 23 (67.6) | .582 |
| Consolidation | 28 (37.8) | 11 (32.4) | .582 |
| Pleural effusion | 7 (9.5) | 4 (11.8) | .739 |
| Blood tests | |||
| Sodium, mmol/L | 133 (131–135) | 135 (133–136) | .844 |
| Urea, mmol/L | 9.0 (5.5–10.0) | 7.0 (6.2–10.8) | .300 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 98 (71–126) | 95 (73–128) | .863 |
| Albumin, g/L | 32.3 (±5.0) | 32.4 (±4.4) | .977 |
| White cell counts, ×109/L | 12.3 (8.6–15.6) | 11.3 (8.4–17.4) | .953 |
| CURB score, n (%) | |||
| 0–1 | 29 (39.2) | 11 (32.4) | |
| 2–4 | 45 (60.8) | 23 (67.6) | .494 |
| Length of stay, d | 11 (6–18) | 11 (6–19) | .992 |
| In-hospital mortality, n (%) | 14 (18.9) | 2 (5.9) | .077 |
BI, Barthel index; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney diseases; CLD, chronic liver diseases; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; CURB, confusion, blood urea level, respiratory rate, and low blood pressure; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; IHD, ischemic heart disease; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination.
Numerical ranges indicate interquartile range.