Table 5.
Comparison of Nursing Home–Acquired Pneumonia Caused by Atypical Pathogens and Other Pathogens
| Characteristics | Atypical Pathogens (n = 11) | Other Pathogens (n = 63) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, y | 88 (75–99) | 89 (81–92) | .945 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 6 (54.5) | 25 (39.7) | .510 |
| MMSE | 19 (13–22) | 12 (10–19) | .281 |
| CCI | 2 (0–4) | 3 (1–4) | .371 |
| BI | 4 (3–7) | 4 (2–10) | .605 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||
| CVA | 4 (36.4) | 30 (47.6) | .489 |
| Dementia | 5 (45.5) | 35 (55.6) | .535 |
| Diabetes | 3 (27.3) | 12 (19.0) | .684 |
| IHD | 1 (9.1) | 8 (12.7) | .736 |
| CHF | 3 (27.3) | 11 (17.5) | .426 |
| COPD | 2 (18.2) | 12 (19.0) | .946 |
| CKD | 2 (18.2) | 10 (15.9) | .848 |
| CLD | 0 (0) | 2 (3.2) | NC |
| Active malignancy | 1 (9.1) | 3 (4.8) | .482 |
| Respiratory symptom, n (%) | |||
| Fever | 1 (9.1) | 5 (7.9) | .897 |
| Shortness of breath | 8 (72.7) | 46 (73.0) | .984 |
| Cough | 10 (90.9) | 57 (90.5) | .964 |
| Mucoid sputum | 6 (54.5) | 25 (39.7) | .510 |
| Purulent sputum | 4 (36.4) | 35 (55.6) | .239 |
| Hemoptysis | 0 (0) | 2 (3.2) | NC |
| Respiratory signs, n (%) | |||
| Rhonchi | 3 (27.3) | 11 (17.5) | .443 |
| Bronchial breath sounds | 1 (9.1) | 6 (9.5) | .964 |
| Crepitations | 8 (72.7) | 55 (87.3) | .352 |
| Chest radiographs, n (%) | |||
| Ill-defined shadows | 6 (54.5) | 40 (63.5) | .738 |
| Consolidation | 5 (45.5) | 23 (36.5) | .738 |
| Pleural effusion | 1 (9.1) | 6 (9.5) | .964 |
| Blood tests | |||
| Sodium, mmol/L | 132 (128–137) | 133 (129–136) | .834 |
| Urea, mmol/L | 6.5 (5.5–8.3) | 7.5 (5.4–10.6) | .301 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 97 (75–105) | 100 (70–131) | .399 |
| Albumin, g/L | 34 (29–37) | 33 (29–36) | .356 |
| White cell counts, ×109/L | 13.4 (7.6–22.6) | 12.1 (8.6–15.5) | .710 |
| CURB score, n (%) | |||
| 0–1 | 6 (54.5) | 23 (36.5) | |
| 2–4 | 5 (45.5) | 40 (63.5) | .322 |
| Length of stay, d | 7 (5–15) | 11 (7–21) | .155 |
BI, Barthel index; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CHF, congestive heart failure; CKD, chronic kidney diseases; CLD, chronic liver diseases; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; CURB, confusion, blood urea level, respiratory rate, and low blood pressure; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; IHD, ischemic heart disease; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; NC, noncalculable.
Numerical ranges indicate interquartile range.