Table 1.
Characteristics of 50 severe human metapneumovirus-associated community-acquired pneumonia and 109 severe influenza virus-associated community-acquired pneumonia patients.
| Characteristic | Human metapneumovirus (n = 50) |
Influenza virus (n = 109) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Male sex | 32 (64.0) | 64 (58.7) | 0.53 |
| Median age, yr (interquartile range) | 70.0 (55.0–75.3)a | 68.0 (57.5–76.5)b | 0.97 |
| Underlying diseases or conditions | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 19 (38.0) | 23 (21.1) | 0.03 |
| Structural lung disease | 15 (30.0) | 33 (30.3) | 0.97 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8 (16.0) | 14 (12.8) | 0.59 |
| Interstitial lung disease | 6 (12.0) | 9 (8.3) | 0.56 |
| Tuberculosis destroyed lung | 1 (2.0) | 3 (2.8) | 1.0 |
| Bronchiectasis | 0 | 5 (4.6) | 0.33 |
| Pneumoconiosis | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 1.0 |
| Bronchiolitis obliterans | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 1.0 |
| End-stage renal disease | 8 (16.0) | 8 (7.3) | 0.09 |
| Heart failure | 7 (14.0) | 8 (7.3) | 0.24 |
| Chronic renal failure | 5 (10.0) | 5 (4.6) | 0.29 |
| Solid cancer | 4 (8.0) | 12 (11.0) | 0.56 |
| Hematologic malignancy | 3 (6.0) | 13 (11.9) | 0.25 |
| Immunocompromised statec | 11 (22.0) | 35 (32.1) | 0.19 |
| Manifestation | |||
| Fever (> 38 °C) | 35 (70.0) | 90 (82.6) | 0.07 |
| Cough | 42 (84.0) | 97 (89.0) | 0.38 |
| Sputum | 39 (78.0) | 88 (80.7) | 0.69 |
| Dyspnea | 43 (86.0) | 97 (89.0) | 0.59 |
| Septic shock at admission | 25 (50.0) | 69 (63.3) | 0.11 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 45 (90.0) | 101 (92.7) | 0.55 |
| APACHE II score (mean ± SD) | 25.5 ± 7.5 | 24.7 ± 7.5 | 0.54 |
| SOFA score (mean ± SD) | 8.8 ± 3.4 | 9.1 ± 3.7 | 0.69 |
| Coinfectiond | 15 (30.0)e | 53 (48.6) | 0.03 |
| Bacterial coinfection | 12 (24.0) | 39 (35.8) | 0.14 |
| Viral coinfection | 1 (2.0) | 12 (11.0) | 0.07 |
| Fungal coinfection | 3 (6.0) | 4 (3.7) | 0.68 |
| Nontuberculous mycobacteria | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 1.0 |
| Dominant radiology pattern | |||
| Bronchopneumonia | 33 (66.0) | 63 (57.8) | 0.33 |
| Interstitial pneumonia | 11 (22.0) | 26 (23.9) | 0.80 |
| Lobar pneumonia | 6 (12.0) | 19 (17.4) | 0.38 |
| Septic pneumonia | 0 | 1 (0.9) | 1.0 |
Data are presented as the number (percentage) of patients, unless otherwise indicated.
APACHE, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; SD, standard deviation; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
Range, 20–92 years.
Range, 17–90 years; one patient was <18 years old.
Defined as one of the following conditions: (i) daily receipt of immunosuppressants, including corticosteroids; (ii) human immunodeficiency virus infection; (iii) receipt of solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; (iv) receipt of chemotherapy for underlying malignancy during the previous 6 months; and (v) presence of underlying immune deficiency disorder.
Detailed lists of co-pathogens are summarized in Supplementary Table 1.
One patient had simultaneous bacterial and fungal coinfection.