Table 2.
Viruses and viral species identified in nasopharyngeal aspirates of cases compared with controls and pneumonia cases compared with bronchiolitis cases.
| Cases (n = 105) | Controls (n = 53) | p-value | Pneumonia (n = 57) | Bronchiolitis (n = 48) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any virus | 88 (83.8%) | 37 (69.8%) | 0.041 | 45 (78.9%) | 43 (89.6%) | 0.141 |
| Rhinovirus (RV)a | 51 (48.6%) | 21 (39.6%) | 0.286 | 26 (45.6%) | 25 (52.1%) | 0.509 |
| RV-A | 28 (26.7%) | 8 (15.1%) | 0.242 | 15 (26.3%) | 13 (27.1%) | 0.653 |
| RV-B | 0 (0%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0.117 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.356 |
| RV-C | 22 (21.0%) | 10 (18.9%) | 0.850 | 10 (17.5%) | 12 (25.0%) | 0.440 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) | 28 (26.7%) | 9 (17.0%) | 0.175 | 7 (12.3%) | 21 (43.8%) | 0.000 |
| RSV-A | 18 (17.1%) | 8 (15.1%) | 0.743 | 5 (8.8%) | 13 (27.1%) | 0.013 |
| RSV-B | 10 (9.5%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0.075 | 2 (3.5%) | 8 (16.7%) | 0.022 |
| Adenovirus | 33 (31.4%) | 15 (28.3%) | 0.687 | 18 (31.6%) | 15 (31.3%) | 0.971 |
| Adenovirus B | 16 (15.2%) | 4 (7.5%) | 0.170 | 9 (15.8%) | 7 (14.6%) | 0.864 |
| Adenovirus C | 27 (25.7%) | 13 (24.5%) | 0.871 | 15 (26.3%) | 12 (25.0%) | 0.878 |
| Bocavirus | 23 (21.9%) | 14 (26.4%) | 0.527 | 12 (21.1%) | 11 (22.9%) | 0.818 |
| Coronavirus | 13 (12.4% | 6 (11.3%) | 0.847 | 7 (12.3%) | 6 (12.5%) | 0.973 |
| Coronavirus- 0C43 | 12 (11.4%) | 6 (11.3%) | 0.984 | 6 (10.5%) | 6 (12.5%) | 0.751 |
| Coronavirus- 229E | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Coronavirus- HKU1 | 0 (0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0.158 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Coronavirus- NL63 | 1 (1.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.476 | 1 (1.8%) | 0 (0%) | 0.356 |
| Metapneumovirus | 7 (6.7%) | 3 (5.7%) | 0.806 | 5 (8.8%) | 2 (4.2%) | 0.346 |
| Influenzab | 8 (7.6%) | 2 (3.8%) | 0.349 | 6 (10.5%) | 2 (4.2%) | 0.221 |
| Influenza A H1N1 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Influenza A H3HA | 5 (4.8%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0.372 | 3 (5.3%) | 2 (4.2%) | 0.793 |
| Influenza B | 4 (3.8%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0.514 | 4 (7.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.061 |
| Influenza C | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 0.158 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Parainfluenza virus 1–4 | 10 (9.5%) | 3 (5.7%) | 0.404 | 6 (10.5%) | 4 (8.3%) | 0.703 |
Bold values signify the two groups that were being compared and were significantly different as shown by the p-value.
a
RV overall and RV species numbers differ because two HRV-positive specimens were not genotyped.
b
Some children with adenovirus, coronavirus or influenza virus had two sub-types (e.g. one influenza-positive specimen was positive for both Influenza A H3HA and Influenza B.