Table 2.
Worldwide networks of surveillance and their websites
| Websites | Characteristics | |
|---|---|---|
| Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) | http://www.who.int/influenza/gisrs_laboratory/en/ | Monitors evolution of influenza viruses Provides recommendations on antiviral susceptibility Provides global alert |
| Influenzanet | https://www.influenzanet.eu/ | Monitors ILI on a voluntary basis Has volunteers from ten European countries |
| Flu Near You | https://flunearyou.org/ | Website based survey Could be completed by any one older than 13 years Administered by Healthmap of Boston Children's Hospital, the American Public Health Association, and the Skoll Global Threats Fund |
| FluTracking | http://www.flutracking.net/ | Australia In addition to reporting symptoms of influenza provides the participants with sample collection materials for influenza testing |
| Overcrowd-Severe-Respiratory-Disease-Index | Not available | Simultaneously monitors and informs the demand of required supplies and personnel Generates early warnings of severe respiratory disease epidemic outbreaks |
| BioDiaspora | http://www.biodiaspora.com/ | Customisable, intelligent web application Predicts the impact of infectious diseases worldwide Integrates global data on outbreaks, human populations, animal and insect populations, environmental and climatic conditions, and commercial air travel |
| HealthMap | http://healthmap.org/ | Provides informal sources for disease outbreak monitoring and real-time surveillance of emerging public health threats |
| ProMED | http://promedmail.org/ | ProMed mail provides early warning of outbreaks of emerging and re-emerging diseases |
| Global Public Health Intelligence Network (GPHIN) | not a public system | Canadian initiative Draws on the capacity of the Internet and global news coverage of health events |
| Google Flu Trend | http://www.google.org/flutrends/ | Estimates ILI incidence based on influenza-related queries done online |
| Geographic Utilization of Artificial Intelligence in Real-Time for Disease Identification and Alert Notification (GUARDIAN) | http://www.rush.edu/rumc/print-page-1298330251295.html/ | Real-time, automated system for detection and diagnosis of infectious agents |
| Complaint Coder (CoCo) of the Realtime Outbreak Detection System (RODS) | not available | A surveillance system based on data collected routinely for other purposes, such as absenteeism, and over-the-counter sales. RODS is an automated system that classifies complaints (complaints coder) or symptoms coder from all hospital visits into a specified syndrome using Bayesian classifiers |
ILI= influenza-like illness.