Table 1.

Diagnostic assays performed on spinal fluid and serum samples. All tests were negative.

	(q)PCR		Serology		Culturea	Other
	Spinal fluid	Serum	Spinal fluid	Serum	Spinal fluid	Spinal fluid
Fungi					x
Parasites, Schistosoma				x
Bacteria	x				x
Borrelia burgdorferi	x		x
Leptospira ssp.b	x	x		x
Mycobacterium tuberculosis			x
Neisseria meningitidis	x
Streptococcus pneumoniae	x
Treponema pallidumc				x
Virus
Adenovirus	x
Coronavirus NL63	x
Coronavirus OC43	x
Coronavirus 229E	x
Enterovirus	x	x
Epstein-Barr virus		x		x
Hepatitis A virusd				x
Hepatitis B viruse				x
Hepatitis C virus		x
Hepatitis E virusf				x
Herpes simplex 1	x		x	x
Herpes simplex 2	x		x	x
Human immunodeficiency virus				x
Human herpesvirus 6A	x	x
Human herpesvirus 6B	x	x
Human herpesvirus 7	x	x
Influenza A	x
Influenza B	x
Metapneumovirus	x
Morbillivirusf	x			x
Parainfluenza	x
Parechovirus	x
Mumpsvirusf	x			x
Respiratory syncytial virus	x
Rhinovirus	x
Rubella virusf	x			x
Tick-borne encephalitisf	x			x
Varicella zoster	x		x	x
Autoimmune synaptic encephalitisg						x

^aCulture is for aerobic bacteria.

^bqPCR is for L. interrogans, L. alexanderi, L. borgpetersenii, L. fainei, L. kirschneri, L. noguchii, L. santarosai, L. weilli. Microagglutination analysis for antibodies against 15 different Leptospira serotypes. Analysis for Leptospira was performed after patient recovery on samples collected during the acute phase of illness.

^cTested for Wassermann antibody and phospholipid-antibody.

^dPatient where negative for HAV-IgM.

^ePatient is negative for HBsAg.

^fSerology included tests for IgG and IgM.

^gTests for autoimmune synaptic encephalitis included NMDAR1 IgG and IgA, Glutamate receptor 1 and 2 IgG and IgA, CNTNAP2 IgG, LGI1 IgA, GABA-B receptor 1 IgG, Glutamatedecarboxylase <75 kIU/L. Total IgG in serum was 7.55 g/L and for albumin 39.70 g/L.