Table 2.
Characteristics of study participants
| ADL analysis |
IADL analysis |
|
|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | N = 516 | N = 598 |
| Age, years, No (%) | ||
| 60–64 | 202 (39.1) | 229 (38.3) |
| 65–69 | 118 (22.9) | 142 (23.7) |
| 70–74 | 96 (18.6) | 117 (19.6) |
| 75–79 | 68 (13.2) | 78 (13.0) |
| 80+ | 32 (6.2) | 32 (5.4) |
| Female, No. (%) | 296 (57.4) | 322 (53.8) |
| Education, No. (%) | ||
| No formal education/illiterate | 216 (41.9) | 259 (43.3) |
| Did not finish elementary school | 116 (22.5) | 132 (22.1) |
| Sishu or elementary school | 135 (26.2) | 137 (22.9) |
| Middle school or above | 49 (9.5) | 70 (11.7) |
| Marital Status, No. (%) | ||
| Married/living together | 383 (74.2) | 469 (78.4) |
| Smoking status, No. (%) | ||
| Never | 314 (60.9) | 357 (59.7) |
| Former | 58 (11.2) | 72 (12.0) |
| Current | 144 (27.9) | 169 (28.3) |
| Body mass index, kg/ m2 | ||
| Underweight, No. (%) | 56 (10.9) | 70 (11.7) |
| Normal, No. (%) | 275 (53.3) | 330 (55.2) |
| Overweight, No. (%) | 127 (24.6) | 135 (22.6) |
| Obese, No. (%) | 58 (11.2) | 63 (10.5) |
| Number of chronic conditions, mean (SD) | 1.6 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.2) |
| Cognitive function a, mean (SD) | 10.2 (5.5) | 10.4 (5.4) |
| Frailty, No. (%) | ||
| Non-frail | 195 (37.8) | 228 (38.1) |
| Prefrail | 286 (55.4) | 330 (55.2) |
| Frail | 35 (6.8) | 40 (6.7) |
| Severe disability b, No. (%) | 199 (38.6) | 280 (46.8) |
Abbreviations: ADL activities of daily living, IADL instrumental activities of daily living; SD standard deviation
a Cognitive function was measured by the modified mini-mental status examination
b Severe disability was defined as having difficulty in two or more ADL/IADL