Table 4.
The Direct, Indirect and Total effect of socio-demographical, clinical and Behavioral factor on HRQoL domains among of adults with DM attending at AHMC, 2019
| Variables (effect measure is β) Diabetic (n = 359) |
Direct effect (95% CI) | Indirect effect (95% CI) | Total effect (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| DV: Physical health | |||
| Fasting blood sugar | − 0.08[− 0.11 to − 0.47] | – | – |
| Depression | − 1.43[− 1.96 to − 0.89] | – | – |
| DM complication | |||
| No | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Yes | −7.42[− 10.15 to − 4.69] | – | – |
| Medication Adherence | |||
| High | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Medium | − 0.83[− 3.50 to 1.84] | – | |
| Low | − 2.95[− 5.65 to − 0.26] | −0.98[− 10.13 to − 0.33] | − 3.93[− 15.78 to − 0.59] |
| Diabetic self-care activity | |||
| Poor | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Good | 4.95[2.66–7.25] | 0.93 [1.81 to 2.15] | 5.88[4.47 to 9.40] |
| DV: Psychological health | |||
| Residence | |||
| Urban | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rural | −3.28[− 5.58 to −0.98] | – | – |
| Fasting blood sugar | −0.06[− 0.09 to − 0.04] | – | – |
| Depression | − 1.09[−1.47 to − 0.70] | – | – |
| DM complication | |||
| No | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Yes | −2.63[− 4.62 to −0.63] | – | – |
| DV: Social relation | |||
| Residence | |||
| Urban | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rural | −10.51[−15.80 to −5.22] | – | – |
| Depression | −1.88[−2.66 to − 1.11] | – | – |
| Diabetic self-care activity | |||
| Poor | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Good | 5.12[1.29–8.96] | – | – |
| DV: Environmental health | |||
| Age | −0.10[−0.17 to −0.03] | – | – |
| Residence | |||
| Urban | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Rural | −3.13[−5.28 to −0.98] | – | – |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Married | 4.47[1.76–7.17] | – | – |
| Separated | 3.76[−0.55 to 8.07] | – | – |
| Divorced | 8.29[3.44–13.10] | – | – |
| Widowed | 3.24[−0.37 to 6.86] | ||
| DV: Environmental health | |||
| Depression | −1.10[−1.47 to −0.74] | – | – |
| Fasting blood sugar | −0.04[− 0.06 to − 0.01] | – | – |
| Medication Adherence | |||
| High | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Medium | −1.80[−3.60 to −0.01] | – | – |
| Low | −2.69 [−4.52 to − 0.86] | −0.49[− 0.22 to − 0.17] | −3.18[− 4.74 to − 1.03] |
| Diabetic self-care activity | |||
| Poor | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Good | 3.18[1.62–4.73] | 0.47[0.04 to 1.17] | 3.65[1.56 to 5.90] |
| DV: Fasting blood sugar | |||
| Medication Adherence | |||
| High | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Medium | 1.40[−8.29 to 11.10] | – | – |
| Low | 12.22[2.90 to 21.56] | – | – |
| Diabetic self-care activity | |||
| Poor | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Good | −11.68[−19.54 to −3.83] | – | – |
DV dependent variable, CI confidence interval