Table 3.
Comparison of demographics, clinical parameters and use of medications for the groups 1 to 5 shown in Fig. 1
| Group no. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | p-value (regression with bootstrap) | |
| n (%) | 3 (1.5) | 8 (4) | 59 (29.5) | 48 (24) | 82 (41) | |
| Description | No fall | No medication | Extrinsic factor or tripping | Disease or disability | Medication-related fall | |
| Age (years) | 78 [77–84] | 72 [70–77.5] | 79 [73–85]*# | 83 [78.5–89] | 84 [77–89] | 0.0001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25 ± 5 | 25 ± 4 | 25 ± 4 | 24 ± 4 | 24 ± 4 | 0.7 |
| SBP at admission (mmHg) | 182 ± 27 | 150 ± 17 | 150 ± 25 | 160 ± 22 | 150 ± 27 | 0.06 |
| Lowest SBP measured during admission (mmHg) | 107 ± 33 | 116 ± 17 | 111 ± 23 | 111 ± 20 | 109 ± 20 | 0.8 |
| PS at admission (%) | 94 ± 4 | 97 ± 3 | 94 ± 5 | 94 ± 4 | 94 ± 4 | 0.1 |
| TP at admission | 37.4 ± 0.7 | 36.6 ± 0.7 | 36.8 ± 0.5# | 37.1 ± 0.8 | 36.9 ± 0.6 | 0.04 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min) | 51 [6–61] | 81.5 [73–88] * | 71 [50–86] | 75 [47–86] | 66 [44–82] | 0.04 |
| Sodium (mmol/l) | 140 [137–143] | 139 [136–141] | 140 [138–141]*# | 137 [135–141] | 138 [136–141] | 0.002 |
| Number of drugs at admission | 11.6 ± 5.1 | – | 6.4 ± 4.3* | 6.4 ± 3.3* | 9.7 ± 4.0 | < 0.0001 |
| Number of FRIDS at admission | 2.3 ± 1.2 | – | 2.3 ± 1.4* | 1.75 ± 1.3* | 3.7 ± 1.2 | < 0.0001 |
| Proportion of patients with PIMs (n (%)) | 3 (100) | – | 34 (57) Ɨ | 25 (52) Ɨ | 79 (96) | – |
The table shows means ± standard deviations for parametric data and medians [interquartile range] for nonparametric data. Differences in the numeric data between groups were analysed by regression with a bootstrap analysis; *: p-value < 0.05 vs group 5. #: p-value < 0.05 vs group 4. Differences in the proportion of patients with PIMs were analysed by pairwise two-sample z-tests among groups 3, 4, and 5; Ɨ: p-value < 0.001 vs group 5. Abbreviations: SBP systolic blood pressure, PS peripheral saturation, TP temperature, FRIDS Fall-risk-increasing medications, PIMs Potentially inappropriate medications. Number of persons with missing data for each variable: age: 0, body mass index: 24 (0, 1, 6, 6, and 11 in group 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively), SBP at admission: 2 (2 in group 5), lowest blood pressure during admission: 8 (1, 2, and 5 in group 3, 4, and 5, respectively), PS: 4 (4 in group 5), TP: 8 (2 and 6 in group 3 and 5, respectively), estimated glomerular filtration rate: 1 (1 in group 4), sodium; 2 (1 in group 4 and 5), number of drugs, FRIDs and PIMs: 0