Table 2.
Single and multiple regression analysis and odds ration with corresponding 95% CI of birth characteristics and delivery
| Population study | Case-control study | Population study | Case-control study | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth characteristic | Perthes vs. not Perthes Single OR (95% CI) |
Perthes vs. not Perthes Single OR (95% CI) |
Perthes vs. not Perthes Multiple OR a (95% CI) |
Perthes vs. not Perthes Multiple OR a (95% CI) |
| Diabetes during pregnancy | ||||
| No | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level |
| Yes | 1.05 (0.74–1.49) | 1.26 (0.81–1.97) | 1.05 (0.74–1.49) | 1.25 (0.80–1.95) |
| Hypertension (mother) | ||||
| No | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level |
| Yes | 0.94 (0.62–1.43) | 0.83 (0.50–1.37) | 0.82 (0.53–1.25) | 0.67 (0.40–1.12) |
| Vaginal delivery (breech) | ||||
| No | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level |
| Yes | 1.24 (1.04–1.46) | 1.03 (0.84–1.27) | 1.16 (0.98–1.37) | 0.98 (0.79–1.21) |
| Emergency cesarean section (breech) | ||||
| No | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level |
| Yes | 1.59 (1.11–2.27) | 1.73 (1.07–2.81) | 1.52 (1.07–2.18) | 1.64 (1.01–2.68) |
| Elective cesarean section (breech) | ||||
| No | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level |
| Yes | 1.80 (0.90–3.61) | 1.78 (0.69–4.62) | 1.78 (0.89–3.56) | 1.86 (0.72–4.83) |
| Breech delivery | ||||
| No | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level |
| Yes | 1.33 (1.14–1.54) | 1.15 (0.95–1.39) | 1.25 (1.08–1.46) | 1.09 (0.90–1.32) |
| Birthweight for gestational age | ||||
| Appropriate for gestational age | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level |
| Large for gestational age | 1.10 (0.85–1.42) | 1.09 (0.79–1.49) | 1.10 (0.85–1.42) | 1.09 (0.79–1.49) |
| Small for gestational age | 1.73 (1.44–2.08) | 1.54 (1.21–1.96) | 1.53 (1.22–1.91) | 1.38 (1.03–1.84) |
| Birthweight | ||||
| Normal birthweight, ≥2500 g | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level |
| Low birthweight, 1500 g – 2499 g | 1.19 (1.19–1.78) | 1.46 (1.12–1.90) | 1.33 (1.05–1.69) | 1.31 (0.97–1.76) |
| Very low birthweight, < 1500 g | 2.74 (1.82–4.14) | 2.48 (1.35–4.56) | 3.32 (1.86–5.92) | 2.20 (0.97–4.96) |
| Gestational age | ||||
| At term, 37–42 weeks | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level |
| Post term, > 42 weeks | 1.16 (1.01–1.34) | 1.11 (0.93–1.33) | 1.17 (1.01–1.35) | 1.11 (0.93–1.33) |
| Preterm, 32–36 weeks | 1.46 (1.22–1.74) | 1.44 (1.15–1.81) | 1.25 (1.01–1.54) | 1.27 (0.98–1.64) |
| Very preterm, < 32 weeks | 1.74 (1.08–2.80) | 2.07 (1.06–4.07) | 0.70 (0.36–1.36) | 1.10 (0.45–2.73) |
| Apgar 5 | ||||
| > 7-max | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level | Reference level |
| 0–7 | 1.61 (1.24–2.11) | 1.57 (1.09–2.24) | 1.44 (1.10–1.90) | 1.39 (0.97–2.00) |
a Odds ratio adjusted for gestational age and birthweight