Table 2.

comparison of before and after the reform on MWHI in Beijing, shanghai and Shenzhen

	Shangha i[92–96]		Beijin g[97–99]		Shenzhe n[100–102]
	Before 2011	After 2011	Before 2012	After 2012	Before 2014	After 2014
						Category I	Category II	Category III
Eligible conditions
Eligible population	Non-local workers	Local/non-local workers	Non-local workers	Local/non-local workers	Non-local workers	Local/non-local workers	Non-local workers
Contract	Unnecessary	Necessary	Necessary	Necessary	Necessary	Necessary
Dependence on employee	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Insurance typea	Limited-duration health insurance	Limited-payment whole-life health insurance	Limited-duration health insurance	Limited-payment whole-life health insurance	Limited-duration health insurance	Limited-payment whole-life health insurance
Guarantee period	The following one year	The following one year and future	The following one year	The following one year and future	The following one year	The following one year and future
Account type	Individual account + risk-sharing account	Individual account + risk-sharing account	Risk-sharing account	Individual account + risk-sharing account	Risk-sharing account	Individual account + risk-sharing account	Risk-sharing account
Management agency	Commercial insurance company	Social insurance agency	Social insurance agency	Social insurance agency	Social insurance agency	Social insurance agency
Financing strategy
Minimum financing unit	Employed: employee Self-employed: individual	Employed: employee + employer	Employer	Employee + employer	Employee + employer	Employee + employer
Financing contribute rate	12.5% (non-local construction enterprise rate is 5.5%)	Employee: 9.5% Employer: 2%	Employer: 2%	Employee 2% + 3 RMB Employer: 10%	Employee: 4 RMB/month Employer: 8 RMB/month	Employee 2% Employer: 5.2% or 6.2%	Employee 0.2% Employer: 0.6%	Employee 0.1% Employer: 0.45%
Total financing amount per unit (RMB/year)	3485 *12 * 12.5% or 5.5%	3485 *12* 11.5%	3485 *12 * 2%	3485 *12 * 12% + 36	12* 12	3485 *12 * 7.2% or 8.2%	3485 *12 * 0.8%	3485 *12 * 0.55%
Bundled with other welfare programs	Pension insurance On-the-job injury insurance	Same with UEBMI	NA	Same with UEBMI	NA	Same with UEBMI
Employer’s total contribution rate	12.5% (non-local construction enterprise rate is 5.5%)	31.2–32.9%	2%	30.8–32.5%	8 * 12 RMB	18.49–20.49%	15.16–16.16%	14.74–15.74%
Employee or individual’s total contribution rate	None	10.50%	None	10.2% + 3RMB	4 * 12 RMB	10.3%	8.5%	8.4%
Total amount of burden by funders per unit (RMB/year)	Employed: employee: None employer: 2300 or 5228 Self-employed: 5228	Employed: employee: 4391 employer: 13,048–13,786 Self-employed: Unclear	Employed: employee: None employer: 836 Self-employed: Unclear	Employed: employee: 4320 employer: 12,881–13,592 Self-employed: Unclear	Employed: employee: 48 employer: 96 Self-employed: Unclear	Employed: employee: 4307 employer: 7733–8569 Self-employed: Unclear	Employed: employee: 3555 employer: 6340–6758 Self-employed: Unclear	Employed: employee: 3513 employer: 6464–6582 Self-employed: Unclear
Covered services	Inpatient + commonly used medicine	Outpatient + Inpatient	Inpatient	Outpatient + Inpatient	Outpatient + Inpatient	Outpatient + Inpatient
Matching with RUM’s health  needs	Mismatch	Match	Mismatch	Match	Match	Match
Geographic consistency	Consistent	Consistent	Consistent	Consistent	Consistent	Consistent
Portability, in the view of RUMWs [64, 70, 73, 77]	No	Quite low	No	Quite low	No	Quite low	Low	Low
Membership selectivity [38, 64, 71]
Employee	Low	High	Low	High	Low	High	Moderate	Moderate
Government	Low	High	Low	High	Low	High	Moderate	Moderate

^a Limited-payment whole-life health insurance refers to the insurance plan that has a fixed period, in which an insurance holder pays premiums for the policy. Once the holder reaches the target years, premiums are no longer required but the policy’s benefits last the insured’s entire life. Limited-duration health insurance refers to the plan with a limited duration, paid by years or less