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. 2020 Mar 24;14:73. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00073

TABLE 3.

Oral reading and spelling.

Tests Subject D’s scores (proportion) Performance descriptor Normative data1
Oral Reading
Oral Reading: Letter Length (PALPA 29) 24 (1.0) A 23.95 ± 0.21
Oral Reading: Imag x Freq (PALPA 31)
High imageability-High frequency (n = 20) 20 (1.0) A 19.95 ± 0.21
High imageability-Low frequency (n = 20) 19 (0.95) SBA 19.95 ± 0.21
Low imageability-High frequency (n = 20) 20 (1.0) A 19.95 ± 0.29
Low imageability-Low frequency (n = 20) 20 (1.0) A 19.68 ± 0.55
Oral Reading: Grammatical Class (n = 40) (PALPA 32)
Nouns (n = 20) 19 (0.95) SBA 19.95 ± 0.21
Adjectives (n = 20) 20 (1.0) A 19.86 ± 0.34
Verbs (n = 20) 20 (1.0) A 19.95 ± 0.21
Functional Words (n = 20) 19 (0.95) A 19.77 ± 0.42
Oral Reading: Grammatical Class x Imag (n = 40) (PALPA 33)
Nouns (n = 20) 19 (0.95) SBA 19.91 ± 0.29
Functional Words (n = 20) 19 (0.95) SBA 20.00 ± 0.00
Oral Reading: Morphological Endings (PALPA 34)
Regular Words (n = 30) 27 (0.90) A 29.54 ± 1.30
Irregular Words (n = 30) 14 (0.53) SBA 26.36 ± 5.84
Oral Reading: Non-words (PALPA 36) (n = 24) 22 (0.92) A 23.22 ± 0,69
Spelling
Spelling to Dictation: Letter Length (PALPA 39) (n = 24) 24 (1.0) A 23.8 ± 0.23
Spelling to Dictation: Grammatical Class (PALPA 41)
Nouns (n = 5) 5 A 4.68 ± 0.55
Adjectives (n = 5) 5 A 4.91 ± 0.29
Verbs (n = 5) 5 A 4.91 ± 0.29
Functional Words (n = 5) 4 A 4.77 ± 0.52
Spelling to Dictation: Grammatical Class x Imag (PALPA 42) 9 (0.90) A 9.73 ± 0.67
Nouns (n = 10) 8 (0.80) SBA 9.82 ± 0.49
Functional Words (n = 10)
Spelling to Dictation: Non-words (PALPA 45) (n = 24) 24 (1.0) A 22.54 ± 0.76

All test are from PALPA unless specified; 1Normative data from Valle and Cuetos (1995). The “performance descriptors” have been obtained by comparison with normative data as follows: A indicates average, SBA slightly below average, and BA below average (see further details in text).