Table 7.

Examples of methods for determining pathogen exposure in studies

Pathogen1	Sample to test	Testing method2
PRRSV	Oral fluids, or serum	PCR, abELISA (or both)
PEDV	Oral fluids	PCR
	Serum	abELISA
PDCoV	Oral fluids	PCR
IAV	Oral fluids	PCR
	Serum	abELISA
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae	Deep swab	PCR
	Oral fluids	PCR
	Serum	abELISA
Porcine circovirus	Oral fluids	PCR
	Serum	abELISA, PCR
Mycoplasma hyorhinis	Oral fluids	PCR
Haemophilus parasuis	Oral fluids	PCR
Rotavirus	Oral fluids	PCR
TGEV/ PRCV	Oral fluids	PCR
Lawsonia intracellularis	Oral fluids, feces	PCR
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae	Serum	Serology
	Tonsil scrape	PCR
Salmonella	Serum, feces, rectal swab	Serology culture, PCR
E. coli	Rectal swab	Culture
Brachyspira	Rectal swab	Culture, PCR
Actinobacillus suis	Nasal swab	Culture, PCR
Streptococcus suis	Lung	Culture

¹PRRSV = porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, PEDV = porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PDCoV = porcine deltacoronovirus, IAV = influenza A virus, TGEV/PRCV = transmissible gastroenteritis virus/porcine respiratory coronavirus.

²PCR = polymerase chain reaction, abELISA = ELISA for antibody detection.