Figure 5.

Chemokine response in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)–infected and SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)–infected human monocyte–derived macrophages (MDMs). MDMs were inoculated with MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV at 2 median tissue culture infective doses per cell or subjected to mock infection. At the indicated hours after infection, cells were lysed for RNA extraction, and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the messenger RNA expression levels for immunoregulatory chemokines. Results were normalized to those for GAPDH and are presented as the fold change in gene expression of virus-infected MDMs relative to that of the mock-infected MDMs. Statistical analyses between MERS-CoV– and SARS-CoV–infected MDMs at different time points were performed using the Student t test. *P < .05. Abbreviation: IL-8, interleukin 8.