Table 5.
Outcomes of RVI in SOT Recipients
| Outcome | Patients With RVI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Patients, First Event (n = 159) (n [%]) | hMPV (n = 20) (n [%]) | Influenza (n = 19) (n [%]) | PIV (n = 29) (n [%]) | RSV (n = 40) (n [%]) | Rhinovirus (n = 82) (n [%])d | |
| Need for any respiratory support within 3 mo of diagnosis | 81 (51) | 11 (55) | 6 (32) | 15 (52) | 23 (58) | 45 (55) |
| Oxygen support | 39 (25) | 5 (25) | 3 (16) | 5 (17) | 17 (43) | 21 (26) |
| BiPAP/CPAP | 4 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (7) | 0 (0) | 3 (4) |
| Mechanical ventilation | 30 (19) | 5 (25) | 1 (5) | 5 (17) | 5 (13) | 17 (21) |
| HFOV/ECMO | 7 (4) | 1 (5) | 2 (10) | 3 (10) | 1 (3) | 4 (5) |
| Pulmonary complications | ||||||
| At least 1 complication within 3 mo of diagnosis | 9 (6) | 1 (5) | 1 (5) | 3 (10) | 3 (7.5) | 4 (5) |
| Tracheostomy | 3 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 2 (2) |
| Subacute pulmonary sequelae | 3 (2) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 2 (2) |
| Chronic pulmonary sequelae | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) |
| Bronchiolitis obliterans | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) |
| Other pulmonary complications | 4 (3) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 2 (7) | 2 (5) | 1 (1) |
| Received antiviral therapy active against pathogen within 2 wk of onseta | ||||||
| Yes | NA | NA | 14 (74) | 0 (0) | 6 (15) | 1 (1) |
| All-cause deathb | ||||||
| Yes | 7 (4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (17) | 2 (5) | 1 (2) |
| Death attributed to RVI? | ||||||
| Likely related | 1 | NA | NA | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Possibly related | 1 | NA | NA | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Not related | 5 | NA | NA | 3 | 1 | 1 |
Abbreviations: BiPAP, bilevel positive airway pressure; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; HFOV, high-frequency oscillator ventilation; hMPV, human metapneumovirus; IVIg, intravenous immunoglobulin; NA, not applicable; PIV, parainfluenza virus; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus; RVI, respiratory virus infection; SOT, solid organ transplant.
aFor influenza, therapy included oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, amantadine, and rimantadine; for RSV, therapy included ribavirin and palivizumab; and for parainfluenza, therapy included ribavirin and DAS-181.
bWithin 3 months of RVI onset.
cIncludes a patient with both PIV and rhinovirus and a patient with both hMPV and rhinovirus.
dRhinovirus was detected by polymerase chain reaction assay at all sites except for Duke, where cultures were performed.