Table 3.

Summary of evidence-based statements for screening and vaccination for communicable diseases among newly arrived migrants within the EU/EEA

Infectious disease	Evidence-based statement
Active TB	Offer active TB screening using CXR soon after arrival for migrant populations from high-TB incidence countries. Those with an abnormal CXR should be referred for assessment of active TB and have a sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
LTBI	Offer LTBI screening using a TST or an IGRA soon after arrival for all migrant populations from high-TB-incidence countries and link to care and treatment where indicated.
HIV	Offer HIV screening to migrants who have lived in communities with high HIV prevalence (≥1%). If HIV positive, link to care and treatment as per clinical guidelines. Offer testing for HIV to all adolescents and adult migrants at high risk for exposure to HIV. If HIV positive, link to care and treatment as per clinical guidelines.
Hepatitis B	Offer screening and treatment for hepatitis B (HBsAg and anti-HBc, anti-HBs) to migrants from intermediate/high prevalence countries (≥2% to ≥5% HBsAg.) Offer hepatitis B vaccination series to all migrant children and adolescents from intermediate/high prevalence countries (≥2% to ≥5% HBsAg) who do not have evidence of vaccination or immunity.
Hepatitis C	Offer hepatitis C screening to detect Hepatitis C Virus antibodies to migrant populations from HCV-endemic countries (≥2%) and subsequent RNA testing to those found to have antibodies. Those found to be Hepatitis C Virus RNA positive should be linked to care and treatment.
Schistosomiasis	Offer serological screening and treatment (for those found to be positive) to all migrants from countries of high endemicity in sub-Saharan Africa and focal areas of transmission in Asia, South America and North Africa.
Strongyloidiasis	Offer serological screening and treatment (for those found to be positive) for strongyloidiasis to all migrants from countries of high endemicity in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Oceania and Latin America.
Vaccine-preventable diseases	Offer vaccination against MMR to all migrant children and adolescents without immunization records as a priority. Offer vaccination to all migrant adults without immunization records with either one dose of MMR or in accordance with the MMR immunization schedule of the host country. Offer vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and HiBa (DTaP-IPV-Hib) to all migrant children and adolescents without immunization records as a priority. Offer vaccination to all adult migrants without immunization records in accordance with the immunization schedule of the host country. If this is not possible, adult migrants should be given a primary series of diphtheria, tetanus and polio vaccines. See Table 5 for details.

CXR means chest X-ray; LTBI, latent TB infection; TST, tuberculin skin test; IGRA, interferon-gamma release assay; MMR, measles/mumps/rubella.

Source: ECDC. Public health guidance on screening and vaccination for infectious diseases in newly arrived migrants within the EU/EEA. https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/documents/Public%20health%20guidance%20on%20screening%20and%20vaccination%20of%20migrants%20in%20the%20EU%20EEA.pdf.

^aVaccination against Hib is only recommended to children up to five years of age.