Table 1.

Acute and subacute non-infectious respiratory complications in the immunosuppressed patient.

Clinical problem	Common radiological features
Acute presentation (hours to days)
Pulmonary edema	Cardiomegaly, upper lobe diversion, interstitial oedema and pleural effusions
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)	Bilateral ground glass, dependent consolidation, traction bronchiectasis
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage	Rapidly progressive ground glass changes
Engraftment syndrome	Interstitial oedema and pleural effusions
Thoracic air leak syndrome	Pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema
Leukostasis	Interstitial infiltrates and/or alveolar opacification
Subacute presentation (days to weeks)
Idiopathic pneumonia syndrome	Diffuse bilateral infiltrates
Organizing pneumonia	Peribronchial and peripheral air space opacification
Radiation pneumonitis	Ground glass and consolidation within the radiation field developing into pulmonary fibrosis
Drug toxicity	Bilateral alveolitis (ground glass infiltrates), developing into pulmonary fibrosis
Chronic presentations (weeks to months)
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease	Enlarged pulmonary arteries, smooth interlobular septal thickening, ground glass opacities
Lung graft versus host disease (GvHD)	Mosaickism, progressive airway dilatation
Post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD)	Pulmonary nodules and mediastinal lymphadenopathy
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis	Fibrotic thickening of pleura and subpleural parenchyma
Nonclassifiable interstitial pneumonia (pulmonary fibrosis)	Ground glass, peribronchial crazy paving, reticulation and traction-bronchiectasis