Table 2.
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics Between Pneumonia Cases and Controls in the Entire Population (N = 1758)
| Characteristic | Pneumonia Cases (n= 888) | Controls (n = 870) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Categorical variables, No. (%) | |||
| Sex, male | 527 (59.3) | 497 (57.3) | .39 |
| Age category | |||
| 2–11 mo | 333 (37.5) | 294 (33.8) | .08 |
| 12–23 mo | 256 (28.8) | 239 (27.5) | |
| 24–60 mo | 299 (38.7) | 336 (38.7) | |
| Quarter | |||
| January–March | 202 (22.8) | 195 (22.5) | .98 |
| April–June | 180 (20.3) | 180 (20.8) | |
| July–September | 221 (24.9) | 220 (25.4) | |
| October–December | 284 (32.0) | 270 (31.2) | |
| HIV+ | 9/758 (1.2) | 10/819 (1.2) | .95 |
| Heart disease | 39/886 (4.4) | 11/767 (1.4) | <.001 |
| Weight-for-height z score ≤2 SD | 200/775 (25.8) | 161/835 (19.3) | .002 |
| Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine | 21/614 (3.4) | 51/584 (8.7) | <.001 |
| DPT-HBV-Hib vaccine, 1 dose | 470/601 (78.2) | 515/592 (87.0) | <.001 |
| DPT-HBV-Hib vaccine, 3 doses | 392/580 (67.6) | 424/589 (72.0) | .10 |
| Influenza vaccine | 20/532 (3.8) | 30/593 (5.1) | .29 |
| Continuous variables, mean (SD) | |||
| Age, mo | 19.8 (14.6) | 21.8 (16.0) | .007 |
| Weight-for-height z score | –1.1 (1.7) | –0.7 (2.4) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: DPT-HBV-Hib, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis–hepatitis B virus–polio–Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; SD, standard deviation.