Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics and Physiological Parameters Among Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Who Received Ribavirin/Recombinant Interferon and Those Who Did Not on Day 1 of Admission to the Intensive Care Unit
| Variable | RBV/rIFN (n = 144) | No RBV/rIFN (n = 205) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (Q1, Q3) | 57.5 (47.0, 70.0) | 58.0 (41.0, 70.0) | .98 |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (Q1, Q3) | 28.3 (24.2, 32.9) | 28.5 (24.2, 33.5) | .85 |
| Male sex | 101 (70.1) | 140 (68.3) | .71 |
| Source of infection | |||
| Community-acquired | 68 (47.2) | 117 (57.1) | .15 |
| Healthcare worker, hospital-acquired | 13 (9.0) | 19 (9.3) | |
| Non–healthcare worker, hospital-acquired | 63 (43.8) | 69 (33.7) | |
| Days from onset of symptoms to hospital presentation, median (Q1, Q3) | 5 (3.0, 8.0) | 4 (2.0, 7.0) | .004 |
| Days from onset of symptoms to ICU admission, median (Q1, Q3) | 8 (5.0, 11.0) | 7 (4.0, 11.0) | .13 |
| Days from onset of symptoms to intubation, median (Q1, Q3) | 8.5 (5.0, 12.0) | 7.5 (5.0, 12.5) | .36 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Any comorbidities | 121 (84.0) | 160 (78.0) | .17 |
| Diabetes with chronic complications | 84 (58.3) | 86 (42.0) | .003 |
| Asthma/chronic pulmonary disease | 17 (11.8) | 29 (14.1) | .52 |
| Moderate to severe liver disease | 3 (2.1) | 16 (7.8) | .02 |
| Chronic renal disease | 53 (36.8) | 56 (27.3) | .06 |
| Chronic cardiac disease | 60 (41.7) | 77 (37.6) | .44 |
| Chronic neurological disease | 15 (10.4) | 23 (11.2) | .81 |
| Obesity | 18 (12.5) | 20 (9.8) | .42 |
| Rheumatological disease | 3 (2.1) | 4 (2.0) | >.99a |
| Any malignancy including leukemia or lymphoma | 9 (6.3) | 25 (12.2) | .07 |
| Physiologic parameters on day 1 | |||
| SOFA score, median (Q1, Q3) | 8 (5.0, 11.0) | 10 (6.0, 13.0) | .01 |
| Tidal volume, mL, median (Q1, Q3) | 400 (350.0, 450.0) | 400 (350.0, 438.0) | .54 |
| PEEP, cm H2O, median (Q1, Q3) | 11 (8.0, 14.0) | 12 (10.0, 14.0) | .46 |
| Plateau pressure, cm H2O, median (Q1, Q3) | 30.0 (26.0, 32.0) | 27 (21.5, 30.0) | .01 |
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio, median (Q1, Q3) | 89.6 (63.0, 151.9) | 115.4 (73.0, 162.0) | .07 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mm Hg, median (Q1, Q3) | 72.5 (63.5, 85.5) | 68 (59.0, 78.0) | .001 |
| Lactate, mmol/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.2) | 2 (1.1, 3.1) | .10 |
| INR, median (Q1, Q3) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.3) | 1.2 (1.0, 1.4) | .002 |
| Creatinine, µmol/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 114.9 (74.0, 314.0) | 132.6 (74.0, 247.0) | .96 |
| Bilirubin level, µmol/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 10.8 (6.8, 19.7) | 14 (8.6, 27.0) | .005 |
| Platelet count, ×109/L, median (Q1, Q3) | 180.5 (119.5, 250.5) | 159.0 (101.0, 231.0) | .09 |
| No. of quadrants with infiltrates on chest radiograph, median (Q1, Q3) | 3 (2.0,4.0) | 2 (2.0, 4.0) | .17 |
| Mechanical ventilation | 84 (58.3) | 130 (63.4) | .34 |
| Vasopressors | 59 (41.0) | 101 (49.3) | .13 |
Data are presented as no. (%) unless otherwise indicated. For continuous variables, Mann-Whitney U test was used to calculate the P value. For categorical variables, χ 2 test was used to calculate the P value.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; ICU, intensive care unit; INR, international normalized ratio; PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure; RBV/rIFN, ribavirin/recombinant interferon; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment.
aFisher exact test.