Table 3.
Cointerventions and Outcomes Among Critically Ill Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Treated With Ribavirin/Recombinant Interferon
| Variable | RBV/rIFN (n = 144) | No RBV/rIFN (n = 205) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Medications | |||
| Corticosteroids | 86 (59.7) | 92 (44.9) | .006 |
| Oseltamivir | 67 (46.5) | 129 (62.9) | .002 |
| Other interventions | |||
| ECMO | 11 (7.6) | 11 (5.4) | .39 |
| Nitric oxide | 20 (13.9) | 24 (11.7) | .55 |
| Prone positioning | 12 (8.3) | 21 (10.2) | .55 |
| Renal replacement therapy | 74 (51.4) | 100 (48.8) | .63 |
| Vasopressors | 111 (77.1) | 165 (80.5) | .44 |
| Blood transfusion | 58 (40.3) | 58 (28.3) | .02 |
| Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation | 50 (34.7) | 56 (27.3) | .14 |
| Invasive ventilation | 126 (87.5) | 171 (83.4) | .29 |
| Neuromuscular blockade | 46 (31.9) | 87 (42.4) | .047 |
| High-frequency oscillation ventilation | 13 (9.0) | 13 (6.3) | .35 |
| Outcome | |||
| Hospital mortality | 107 (74.3) | 130 (63.4) | .03 |
| 90-d mortality | 106 (73.6) | 126 (61.5) | .02 |
| 28-d mortality | 97 (67.4) | 119 (58.0) | .08 |
| MERS-CoV RNA clearance, d, median (Q1, Q3)a | 28 (17.0, 38.0) | 22 (18.0, 27.0) | .82 |
| Duration of invasive MV, d, median (Q1, Q3) | 10 (5, 17) | 9 (4, 16) | .18 |
| ICU LOS, d, median (Q1, Q3) | 11 (6.5, 20.0) | 8 (5.0, 17.5) | .02 |
| Hospital LOS, d, median (Q1, Q3) | 17 (10, 28) | 20 (10, 36) | .48 |
Data are presented as no. (%) unless otherwise indicated. The cointerventions were recorded throughout the ICU stay irrespective to the timing of RBV/rIFN. For categorical variables, χ 2 test was used to calculate the P value. For continuous variables, Mann-Whitney U test was used to calculate the P value.
Abbreviations: ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU, intensive care unit; LOS, length of stay; MERS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; MV, mechanical ventilation; RBV/rIFN, ribavirin/recombinant interferon.
aBased on survival analysis. Log-rank test was used to calculate P value. Patients were censored if they never cleared MERS-CoV RNA or at the time of last real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction test.